CAS 1404-88-2|TYROTHRICIN

Introduction：Basic information about CAS 1404-88-2|TYROTHRICIN, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.

Table of Contents

1. Names
2. TYROTHRICIN BiologicalActivity
3. Chemical & Physical Properties
4. Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
MUTATION DATA
5. Safety Information
6. Articles26

Common Name	TYROTHRICIN
CAS Number	1404-88-2	Molecular Weight	1228.44000
Density	1.32g/cm3	Boiling Point	1516.6ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula	C₆₅H₈₅N₁₁O₁₃	Melting Point	/
MSDS	/	Flash Point	871ºC

Names

Name	tyrothricin

TYROTHRICIN BiologicalActivity

Description	Tyrothricin is a polypeptide antibiotic mixture isolated from Bacillus brevis and consists of tyrocidines and gramicidins. Tyrothricin shows activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. Tyrothricin containing formulations are used in sore throat agents and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds[1].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >>Anti-infection >>Influenza VirusResearch Areas >>InfectionSignaling Pathways >>Anti-infection >>FungalSignaling Pathways >>Anti-infection >>Bacterial
In Vitro	Tyrothricin is a mixture of polypeptides, consisting of 50%-70% tyrocidines and 25%-50% gramicidins. The group of tyrocidines is basic, cyclic peptides, whereas the fraction of gramicidins is neutral, linear peptides. Besides physiological and essential L-amino acids, the components of Tyrothricin also contain D-amino acids[1]. Tyrothricin is produced by the gram-positive aerobic sporeforming bacterium Bacillus brevis (Strain ATCC 8185) during its sporulation phase via the nonribosomal pathway[1]. The efficacy spectrum of Tyrothricin mainly covers gram-positive but also several gram-negative bacteria. Corynebacteria and staphylococci show a broader range of Tyrothricin concentrations for inhibition (2-256 μg/mL). In contrast to the gramicidin fraction alone, Tyrothricin is able to inhibit all Staphylococcus strains at a maximum concentration of 128 μg/mL. Among the gram-negative organisms, gonococci and meningococci were the most sensitive germs (96 μg/mL)[1]. Tyrothricin exerts fungicidal effects on a variety of Candida species.Tyrothricin shows an anti-infectious activity against parainfluenza virus (type Sendai)[1].
In Vivo	In animal models using HSV type 1, a pre-incubation of the virus suspension with Tyrothricin could significantly decrease the lethality in mice. The effect could only be shown after a direct contact between Tyrothricin and the virus[1]. Nevertheless disruption of the integrity of eukaryotic membranes is observed at higher Tyrothricin concentrations in vitro. This effect is exemplified as hemolytic activity of Tyrothricin in in vitro studies and when applied to animals i.v.. In contrast to an intravenous (LD50 mouse: 3,7 mg/kg) and an intraperitoneal (LD50 mouse: 20-45 mg/kg) application the oral application is very well tolerated, as Tyrothricin is destroyed in the gastro-intestinal tract[1].
References	[1]. Lang C, et al. Tyrothricin--An underrated agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and superficial wounds? Pharmazie. 2016 Jun;71(6):299-305.

Chemical & Physical Properties

Density	1.32g/cm3
Boiling Point	1516.6ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula	C₆₅H₈₅N₁₁O₁₃
Molecular Weight	1228.44000
Flash Point	871ºC
Exact Mass	1227.63000
PSA	379.75000
LogP	5.10700
Vapour Pressure	0mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.635
Water Solubility	Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent) and in methanol.

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: YP2975000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Tyrothricin

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1404-88-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199503

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified) Blood - changes in spleen Related to Chronic Data - death

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA adduct

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Escherichia coli

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 umol/L

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADENAE Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects of Biochemistry. (New York, NY) V.1-28, 1941-66. For publisher information, see AERAAD. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,153,1944

Safety Information

Safety Phrases	22-24/25
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	YP2975000

Articles26

Salivary levels of gramicidin after use of a tyrothricin-containing gargle/mouth-wash and tyrothricin lozenges.

Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res. 8(4) , 259-61, (1988)

Three pharmaceutical preparations for the disinfection of the oropharynx were tested with regard to the gramicidin concentration obtained in the saliva after their appropriate application. Peak values...

Tyrocidine-induced modulation of the DNA conformation in Bacillus brevis.

Eur. J. Biochem. 170(1-2) , 253-8, (1987)

Using the [3H]trimethylpsoralen photobinding method [Sinden, R.R., Carlson, J.O. & Pettijohn, D.E. (1980) Cell 21, 773-783], a decrease in unrestrained torsional tension of DNA was detected in Bacillu...

Fungicidal effect of tyrothricin on Candida albicans.

Mycoses 39(1-2) , 45-50, (1996)

Tyrothricin, a polypeptide antibiotic, is active against yeast cells. Tyrothricin was rapidly fungicidal towards Candida albicans. Concentration of four times the minimum inhibitory (25 mg l-1) reduce...

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