CAS 51-48-9|L-thyroxine
Introduction：Basic information about CAS 51-48-9|L-thyroxine, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
| Common Name | L-thyroxine | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 51-48-9 | Molecular Weight | 776.870 |
| Density | 2.6±0.1 g/cm3 | Boiling Point | 576.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Molecular Formula | C15H11I4NO4 | Melting Point | 235 °C |
| MSDS | ChineseUSA | Flash Point | 302.3±30.1 °C |
| Symbol | GHS02, GHS06, GHS08 | Signal Word | Danger |
Names
| Name | L-thyroxine |
|---|---|
| Synonym | More Synonyms |
L-thyroxine BiologicalActivity
| Description | L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine; T4) is a synthetic hormone in the treatment of hypothyroidism. DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4). |
|---|---|
| Related Catalog | Signaling Pathways >>Others >>Thyroid Hormone ReceptorResearch Areas >>EndocrinologyNatural Products >>Others |
| Target | Human Endogenous Metabolite |
| In Vivo | Deiodinases (DIOs), which catalyse the conversion of thyroxine (pro-hormone) to the active thyroid hormone, are associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. DIO1 and DIO2 catalyze activation of thyroid hormone secretion in contrast to DIO3 playing role inactivation of the secretion. Activities of DIO1 and DIO2 play pivotal role in the negative feedback regulation of pituitary TSH secretion[1]. L-Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) hormones are known to modulate the expression of ionic channels, pumps and regulatory contractile proteins. Moreover, thyroid hormones have been shown to influence calcium homeostasis and flux responsible for excitation and contractility, with L-Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine modulating its pharmacological control and secretion. In rats fed 12 weeks with the iodine-free diet, a significant decrease in the levels of both Triiodothyronine and L-Thyroxine is observed when compared to the control group fed with standard diet (p<0.001). In the group treated with low doses of L-Thyroxine, an increase in L-Thyroxine levels is observed (p=0.02) while Triiodothyronine levels remain virtually similar to the control group (p=0.19). Rats treated with high doses of L-Thyroxine display a significant increase in both Triiodothyronine and L-Thyroxine circulating concentrations compared to the non-treated hypothyroid group (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) and a significant increase in L-Thyroxine levels when compared to the control values (p=0.03)[2]. |
| Animal Admin | Rats[2] Sprague-Dawley female rats (N=22) are used. Non-pregnant rats are divided into four groups: 1) control, 2) hypothyroidism, 3) hypothyroidism treated with low doses of L-Thyroxine (20 μg/kg/day) and 4) with high doses of L-Thyroxine (100 μg/kg/day). Control rats (group 1) are fed with standard diet, while the intervention rats are fed with iodine-free diet for 12 weeks to induce hypothyroidism (groups 2-4) which is continued for four more weeks to allow screening of hypothyroid status and L-Thyroxine-treatment. Food and water (iodine-free diet) are available ad libitum. The hypothyroid group treated with low (group 3) or high doses of L-Thyroxine (group 4) are injected intraperitoneally every 24 h with respectively 20 μg/kg/day and 100 μg/kg/day. Blood samples are collected for thyroid function screening at week 12 and 16 following the initiation of either the control or iodine-free diet. Hysterectomy is performed under general anesthesia (isoflurane 2%) at the end of the treatment and the two uterine horns are placed in physiological Krebs' solution until isometric tension measurements within no more than 1 h. |
| References | [1]. Arici M, et al. Association between genetic polymorphism and levothyroxine bioavailability in hypothyroid patients. Endocr J. 2018 Jan 11. [2]. Corriveau S, et al. Levothyroxine treatment generates an abnormal uterine contractility patterns in an in vitro animalmodel. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2015 Sep 9;2(4):144-149. |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Density | 2.6±0.1 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 576.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 235 °C |
| Molecular Formula | C15H11I4NO4 |
| Molecular Weight | 776.870 |
| Flash Point | 302.3±30.1 °C |
| Exact Mass | 776.686646 |
| PSA | 92.78000 |
| LogP | 5.93 |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.795 |
| InChIKey | XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-LBPRGKRZSA-N |
| SMILES | NC(Cc1cc(I)c(Oc2cc(I)c(O)c(I)c2)c(I)c1)C(=O)O |
| Storage condition | 2~8°C |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION |
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA - TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 63 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 400 ug/kg/2D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - coma Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2 mg/kg/10D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - monoamine oxidase Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - effect on mitochondrial function
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 26250 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-21 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 1400 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 16-22 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 410 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 3 week(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- DOSE :
- 450 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 7-15 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- DOSE :
- 8160 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 7 day(s) pre-mating - 5 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Maternal Effects - postpartum
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- DOSE :
- 600 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 19-21 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- DOSE :
- 12 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 6 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- DOSE :
- 12 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 9-11 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
MUTATION DATA - TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6250 ug/kg/2D (Continuous)
- REFERENCE :
- BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,942,1971 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0234 No. of Facilities: 68 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 2770 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0234 No. of Facilities: 717 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 10666 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 7298 (estimated)
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6250 ug/kg/2D (Continuous)
- REFERENCE :
- BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,942,1971 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0234 No. of Facilities: 68 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 2770 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0234 No. of Facilities: 717 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 10666 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 7298 (estimated)
Safety Information
| Symbol | GHS02, GHS06, GHS08 |
|---|---|
| Signal Word | Danger |
| Hazard Statements | H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H370 |
| Precautionary Statements | P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P302 + P352 + P312-P370 + P378 |
| Personal Protective Equipment | Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter |
| Hazard Codes | Xn:Harmful |
| Risk Phrases | R20/21/22 |
| Safety Phrases | S22-S24/25 |
| RIDADR | 2811.0 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | YP2833500 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| HS Code | 2942000000 |
Customs
| HS Code | 2922509090 |
|---|---|
| Summary | 2922509090. other amino-alcohol-phenols, amino-acid-phenols and other amino-compounds with oxygen function. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0% |
Articles475
More Articles| Inducible, tightly regulated and growth condition-independent transcription factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 42(17) , e130, (2014) The precise control of gene expression is essential in basic biological research as well as in biotechnological applications. Most regulated systems available in yeast enable only the overexpression o... | |
| Replisome-mediated translesion synthesis and leading strand template lesion skipping are competing bypass mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 289(47) , 32811-23, (2014) A number of different enzymatic pathways have evolved to ensure that DNA replication can proceed past template base damage. These pathways include lesion skipping by the replisome, replication fork re... | |
| Levothyroxine replacement in hypothyroid humans reduces myocardial lipid load and improves cardiac function. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99(11) , E2341-6, (2014) Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder frequently accompanied by alterations in lipid metabolism, such as hypercholesterolemia and high circulating triglycerides, both risk factors for nonische... |
Synonyms
| Thyroxine (VAN) |
| b-((3,5-Diiodo-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)alanine |
| Thyroxine, L- (8CI) |
| EINECS 200-101-1 |
| (-)-3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]alanine |
| 3,3’,5,5‘’-Tetraiodo-L-thyronine |
| O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine |
| 3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]-L-alanine |
| Thyroxine |
| L-3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine |
| thyroxine-binding globulin |
| (-)-Thyroxine |
| Thryroxine, l- |
| thyroxin |
| T4 |
| L-Thyroxine |
| Tetraiodothyronine |
| THX |
| L-Tyrosine, O-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo- |
| transthyretin |
| L-Thyroxin |
| Thyroxine, L- |
| Thyrax |
| l-t4 |
| Levothyroxine |
| 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine |
| O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diidophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine |
| 4-14-00-02373 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) |
| thyroxinal |
| L-thyroxine zwitterion |
| (2S)-2-Amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid |
| Henning |
| MFCD00002596 |
