| Chemical Properties | white to colourless crystals |
| Chemical Properties | Aluminum is the most commonly available element in homes and workplaces. Aluminum is readily available for human ingestion through the use of food additives, antacids, buffered aspirin, astringents, nasal sprays, and antiperspirants; from drinking water; from automobile exhaust and tobacco smoke; and from using aluminum foil, aluminum cookware, cans, ceramics, and fi reworks. Workers who are at risk for toxicity are those in refi neries, foundries and also welders and grinders. |
| Chemical Properties | The PhEur 6.0 describes potassium alum as a granular powder, orcolorless, transparent, crystalline masses. The JP XV describes it ascolorless or white crystals or powder. Potassium alum is odorlessand has a slightly sweet, strongly astringent taste. |
| Uses | Buffer; floccculating reagent. |
| Uses | Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate is a white crystal that is soluble in water. It is made by roasting alunite in a furnace and then harvesting the product by crystallization. Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate was used to harden gelatin emulsions by introduction, by bathing the exposed plates prior to development, or by use in the fixing bath. Mixed with citric or other acids, it was also used as a clearing bath to remove developer stains in negatives. |
| Uses | potassium alum (alum) is a cosmetic astringent. |
| Production Methods | Potassium alum is manufactured by treating bauxite with sulfuricacid and then potassium sulfate. Alternatively, aluminum sulfate isreacted with potassium sulfate. |
| Definition | A group of double salts withthe formula A2SO4.B2(SO4)3.24H2O,where A is a monovalent metal and Ba trivalent metal. The original examplecontains potassium and aluminium(called potash alum orsimply alum); its formula is oftenwritten AlK(SO4)2.12H2O (aluminiumpotassium sulphate-12-water). Ammoniumalum is AlNH4(SO4)2.12H2O,chrome alum is KCr(SO4)2.12H2O, etc.The alums are isomorphous and canbe made by dissolving equivalentamounts of the two salts in waterand recrystallizing. |
| Definition | ChEBI: A hydrate resulting from the the formal combination of anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate with 12 mol eq. of water. |
| General Description | Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate is an inorganic sulfate salt of aluminum and potassium. Linear growth rates of (100), (111) and (110) faces of its crystals have been investigated. |
| Health Hazard | Prolonged periods of exposure to aluminum and dust cause symptoms of toxicity that include, but are not limited to, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, memory loss, learning diffi culty, loss of coordination, disorientation, mental confusion, colic, heartburn, fl atulence, and headaches. Chronic exposures to alumina dust cause irritation to the eyes, |
| reaction suitability | reagent type: catalyst
core: aluminum |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Potassium alum precipitates proteins and is a powerful astringent.The ability to precipitate proteins is utilized in the manufacture ofvaccines, where purified proteins are coprecipitated with andadsorbed onto potassium alum.
Potassium alum is often included in preparations used asmouthwashes or gargles and in dermatological preparations, andit may be used as a topical hemostatic, either as a solid or as asolution. Intravesical instillation of potassium alum, typically as a1% solution, has been used for hemorrhagic cystitis. |
| Safety | Potassium alum is often included in preparations used asmouthwashes or gargles and in dermatological preparations.
Large doses of potassium alum act as an irritant and may becorrosive; gum necrosis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage haveoccurred. Acute encephalopathy has been reported followingbladder irrigation with alum solutions in the treatment of bladderhemorrhage. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this practice shouldbe avoided for patients with renal insufficiency. |
| storage | Store in a cool, dry place in tightly closed containers. Stable undernormal temperatures and pressures. When kept for a long time at60–65°C (or over sulfuric acid) potassium alum dodecahydrateloses water, which is reabsorbed on exposure to air. It becomesanhydrous at about 200°C. |
| Purification Methods | Crystallise it from weak aqueous H2SO4 (ca 0.5mL/g). Its solubility (%) in H2O is 5.7 (0o), 12.0 (20o) and 136.9 (100o). |
| Incompatibilities | Potassium alum is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents,aluminum, copper, steel, and zinc. When it is dispensed in powderswith phenol, salicylates, or tannic acid, gray or green colors may bedeveloped owing to traces of iron in the alum. |
| Precautions | Aminocarb decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes, irritating fumes, and oxides of nitrogen. During handling of aminocarb workers should wear protective clothing, gloves, face shield, breathing protection and avoid open flames. |
| Regulatory Status | GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database(vaginal; suppository). Included in medicines licensed in the UK. |
