Benzalkonium chloride CAS 8001-54-5
Introduction：Basic information about Benzalkonium chloride CAS 8001-54-5, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Benzalkonium chloride Basic information
| Product Name: | Benzalkonium chloride |
| Synonyms: | BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, BP 99+%;BenzalkoniumChlorideB.P.;BenzalkoniumChloridePure;BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, PHARMA;BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION 10%;BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION 50%, PHARMA;BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, POWDER;BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE, GEL |
| CAS: | 8001-54-5 |
| MF: | C17H30ClN |
| MW: | 283.88 |
| EINECS: | 616-786-9 |
| Product Categories: | cosmetic;Disinfectants;Quaternary ammonium salt;CELEBREX;Benzaltex、Pharmatex;HYAMINE;BAC;Water treatment;bc0001;8001-54-5 |
| Mol File: | 8001-54-5.mol |
Benzalkonium chloride Chemical Properties
| Melting point | -5°C |
| Boiling point | >100°C/760mmHg |
| bulk density | 800kg/m3 |
| density | 0.98 |
| storage temp. | Store below +30°C. |
| solubility | Very soluble in water and in ethanol (96 per cent). An aqueous solution froths copiously when shaken. |
| form | Viscous Solution |
| Specific Gravity | 0.98 |
| color | Clear or white to yellow, may contain yellow-white fragments |
| PH | 6-8 (20°C, 10g/L in H2O) |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, moisture. Hygroscopic. |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C10H16N.ClH/c1-11(2,3)9-10-7-5-4-6-8-10;/h4-8H,9H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 |
| InChIKey | KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | C1C=C(C[N+](C)(C)C)C=CC=1.[Cl-] |
| LogP | 1.692 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 8001-54-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Benzalkonium chloride (8001-54-5) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | C,N |
| Risk Statements | 21/22-34-50 |
| Safety Statements | 36/37/39-45-61 |
| RIDADR | UN 3261 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | BO3151000 |
| F | 3-9 |
| HazardClass | 8 |
| HS Code | 34021200 |
| Storage Class | 8A - Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 4 Oral Aquatic Acute 1 Eye Dam. 1 Skin Corr. 1B |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 8001-54-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 400 mg/kg (Cummins, Kimura) |
| Description | Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammoniummixture of alkyl, dimethyl and benzyl ammoniumchlorides.It is an irritant rather than a sensitizer,but may cause contact dermatitis in nursing andmedical personnel. An unusual case was reported in afarm worker who used a detergent containing benzalkoniumchloride to clean the piggery. |
| Chemical Properties | Benzalkonium chloride occurs as a white or yellowish-whiteamorphous powder, a thick gel, or gelatinous flakes. It ishygroscopic, soapy to the touch, and has a mild aromatic odorand very bitter taste. |
| Chemical Properties | white or light yellow/grey solid, or colourless aqueous solution |
| Uses | Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium antiseptic and disinfectant with actions and uses similar to those of other cationic surfactants. It is used prior to surgical procedures or for minor wound care to reduce risks of infection. For most multidose aqueous nasal, ophthalmic and otic products, benzalkonium chloride is the preservative of choice. |
| Uses | benzalkonium chloride is a preservative with anti-microbial and deodorant properties. It can also be used as a surfactant. With continuous use, it may cause occasional allergic reactions. |
| Uses | Cationic surface active agent and germicide. Pharmaceutic aid (preservative). Algicide. |
| Definition | ChEBI: A class of quaternary ammonium chloride salts in which the nitrogen is substituted by a benzyl group, two methyl groups and an even-numbered alkyl chain. |
| Production Methods | Benzalkonium chloride is formed by the reaction of a solution of Nalkyl-N-methylbenzamine with methyl chloride in an organicsolvent suitable for precipitating the quaternary compound as it isformed. |
| Brand name | Roccal (Sterling Winthrop); Zephiran Chloride(Sterling Winthrop). |
| Hazard | Highly toxic; poison. |
| Agricultural Uses | Biocide, Algaecide, Fungicide: Used as an algaecide to control slime mold, algae, fish pathogens, and mollusks in ponds, canals and bodies of water. Also widely used in deodorants, detergents, sanitizers and germicides for applications in food plants, laundries, and operating rooms. Not listed for use in EU countries. Registered for use in the U.S. but not California. |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound usedin pharmaceutical formulations as an antimicrobial preservative inapplications similar to other cationic surfactants, such as cetrimide.In ophthalmic preparations, benzalkonium chloride is one of themost widely used preservatives,at a concentration of0.01–0.02% w/v. Often it is used in combination with otherpreservatives or excipients, particularly 0.1% w/v disodium edetate,to enhance its antimicrobial activity against strains of Pseudomonas. In nasal, and otic formulations a concentration of0.002–0.02% w/v is used, sometimes in combination with0.002–0.005% w/v thimerosal. Benzalkonium chloride 0.01%w/v is also employed as a preservative in small-volume parenteralproducts. Benzalkonium chloride was also shown to enhance thetopical penetration of lorazepam. Benzalkonium chloride is additionally used as a preservative incosmetics. |
| Trade name | AMMONYX®; ARQUAD DMMCB-75®; BARQUAT® MB-50; BARQUAT® MB-80; BAYCLEAN®; BIO-QUAT 50-24®; CATAMINE® AB; CONSAN®; DRAPOLENE®; GARDIQUAT®-1450; HYAMINE®-3500; INTEXAN® LB-50; KATAMINE® AB; NEO GERM-I-TOL®; ONYX BTC; OSVAN; RODALON®; SENTINEL®; TRITON® K-60; VIKROL® RQ |
| Contact allergens | This quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant is amixture of alkyl, dimethyl, and benzyl ammoniumchlorides (-R). It is an irritant rather than a sensitizer,but may cause allergic contact dermatitis from creams,detergents/antiseptics, ophthalmic preparations, and innursing, veterinary, dental, and medical personnel. Itspresence was observed in plaster of Paris. |
| Clinical Use | Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (Zephiran) is a mixtureof alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of the generalformula [C6H5CH2N(CH3)2R] Cl , where R represents amixture of alkyl chains beginning with C8H17 and extendingto higher homologues with C12H25, C14H29, and C16H33. The higher–molecular-weight homologues compose the majorfractions. Although variations in the physical and antimicrobialproperties exist between individual members of the mixture,they are of little importance in the chemistry of the overallproduct. Benzalkonium chloride occurs as a white gel thatis soluble in water, alcohol, and organic solvents. Aqueous solutionsare colorless, slightly alkaline, and very foamy. Benzalkonium chloride is a detergent, an emulsifier, anda wetting agent. It is used as an antiseptic for skin and mucousmembranes in concentrations of 1:750 to 1:20,000. Forirrigation, 1:20,000 to 1:40,000 concentrations are used. Forstorage of surgical instruments, 1:750 to 1:5,000 concentrationsare used, with 0.5% NaNO3 added as a preservative. |
| Side effects | Clinically, benzalkonium chloride may cause eye irritation and is known to discolour soft contact lenses.Benzalkonium chloride in eye drops has also been reported to cause punctate keratopathy and/or toxic ulcerative keratopathy, especially in frequent or prolonged use or in conditions where the cornea is compromised. |
| Safety | is well tolerated in the dilutions normally employed on the skin andmucous membranes. However, benzalkonium chloride has beenassociated with adverse effects when used in some pharmaceuticalformulations. Ototoxicity can occur when benzalkonium chloride is applied tothe ear and prolonged contact with the skin can occasionallycause irritation and hypersensitivity. Benzalkonium chloride is alsoknown to cause bronchoconstriction in some asthmatics when usedin nebulizer solutions. Toxicity experiments with rabbits have shown benzalkoniumchloride to be harmful to the eye in concentrations higher than thatnormally used as a preservative. However, the human eye appears tobe less affected than the rabbit eye and many ophthalmic productshave been formulated with benzalkonium chloride 0.01% w/v asthe preservative. Benzalkonium chloride is not suitable for use as a preservative insolutions used for storing and washing hydrophilic soft contactlenses, as the benzalkonium chloride can bind to the lenses and maylater produce ocular toxicity when the lenses are worn. Solutionsstronger than 0.03% w/v concentration entering the eye requireprompt medical attention. Local irritation of the throat, esophagus, stomach, and intestinecan occur following contact with strong solutions (>0.1% w/v).The fatal oral dose of benzalkonium chloride in humans is estimatedto be 1–3 g. Adverse effects following oral ingestion includevomiting, collapse, and coma. Toxic doses lead to paralysis of therespiratory muscles, dyspnea, and cyanosis. LD50 (mouse, oral): 150 mg/kg LD50 (rat, IP): 14.5 mg/kg LD50 (rat, IV): 13.9 mg/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 300 mg/kg LD50 (rat, skin): 1.42 g/kg |
| storage | Benzalkonium chloride is hygroscopic and may be affected by light,air, and metals. Solutions are stable over a wide pH and temperature range andmay be sterilized by autoclaving without loss of effectiveness.Solutions may be stored for prolonged periods at room temperature.Dilute solutions stored in polyvinyl chloride or polyurethanefoam containers may lose antimicrobial activity. The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container,protected from light and contact with metals, in a cool, dry place. |
| Incompatibilities | Incompatible with aluminum, anionic surfactants, citrates, cotton,fluorescein, hydrogen peroxide, hypromellose,iodides, kaolin,lanolin, nitrates, nonionic surfactants in high concentration,permanganates, protein, salicylates, silver salts, soaps, sulfonamides,tartrates, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, some rubber mixes, andsome plastic mixes. Benzalkonium chloride has been shown to be adsorbed tovarious filtering membranes, especially those that are hydrophobicor anionic. |
| Regulatory Status | Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations, IMinjections, nasal, ophthalmic, otic, and topical preparations).Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. It is alsoincluded in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinalIngredients. |
Benzalkonium chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Benzyl chloride |
| Preparation Products | Tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride |
