D-Galactose CAS 59-23-4
Introduction：Basic information about D-Galactose CAS 59-23-4, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
D-Galactose Basic information
| Product Name: | D-Galactose |
| Synonyms: | D-Galactose, CP;D-(+)-Galactose D(+)-Galactose, extra pure, Ph Ned, Ph Helv;Galactose (200 mg);D-Galactose, D-(+)-Galactose;D(+)-GALACTOSE ANHYDROUS CELL CULTURE*TE STED;D(+)-GALACTOSE, FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PUR POSES;D-(+)-GALACTOSE, BIOTECH |
| CAS: | 59-23-4 |
| MF: | C6H12O6 |
| MW: | 180.16 |
| EINECS: | 200-416-4 |
| Product Categories: | Carbohydrates & Derivatives;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Analytical Standards;Carbohydrate Sources (Sugars/Extracts);Sugars for Media;Monosaccharides;CarbohydratesSerum-free Media;Companion Products and ReagentsCell Culture;Insect Platform;Miscellaneous Reagents and Supplements;Reagents and Supplements;Carbohydrate LibraryResearch Essentials;CarbohydrateMetabolomics;Metabolic Libraries;Metabolic Pathways;Metabolites and Cofactors on the Metabolic Pathways Chart;CarbohydratesCarbohydrates;Core Bioreagents;Monosaccharide;Research Essentials;MonosaccharidesPharmacopoeia (USP);Carbohydrate Synthesis;Carbohydrates;Carbohydrates A to;Carbohydrates GBiochemicals and Reagents;MonosaccharideSpecialty Synthesis;Pharmacopoeia A-Z;Biochemicals and Reagents;BioUltraBiochemicals and Reagents;GBase Ingredients;Alphabetic;Dextrins、Sugar & Carbohydrates;Basic Sugars (Mono & Oligosaccharides);Biochemistry;Galactose;Sugars;Inhibitors;bc0001 |
| Mol File: | 59-23-4.mol |
D-Galactose Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 168-170 °C(lit.) |
| alpha | +79.0～+81.0°(D/20℃) (c=10, dil. NH4OH) |
| Boiling point | 232.96°C (rough estimate) |
| density | 1,5 g/cm3 |
| refractive index | 80 ° (C=10, H2O) |
| storage temp. | room temp |
| solubility | H2O: 100 mg/mL |
| pka | pK1:12.35 (25°C) |
| form | powder |
| color | White |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH | 4.5-6.0 (H2O)Aqueous solution |
| PH Range | 5 - 7 at 180 g/l at 25 °C |
| Optical Rotation | [α]20/D +80±1°, 24 hr, c = 5% in H2O |
| biological source | bovine (Ruminant- CowOxBuffalo) |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water. |
| Merck | 14,4335 |
| BRN | 1724619 |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | SKIN CONDITIONING |
| InChI | 1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-/m0/s1 |
| InChIKey | GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-DPYQTVNSSA-N |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O |
| LogP | -2.490 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 59-23-4(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | D-Galactose(59-23-4) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | D-Galactose (59-23-4) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 22-24/25-36/37/39-27-26 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | LW5490000 |
| F | 3 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 29400090 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Description | D-Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that serves as an energy source and glycosylation component. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose and often used as a source of carbon in culture media. Galactose is a component of the disaccharide lactose and released upon hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzymes. It is converted to glucose via the Leloir pathway or metabolized via an alternative pathway, such as the DeLey-Doudoroff pathway. |
| Description | D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose. D-galactose is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. Chronic, systemic exposure to D-galactose accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging. In bacteria, D-galactose is imported by a methyl-galactoside transport system to drive chemotaxis. |
| Chemical Properties | White powder |
| Uses | A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. |
| Uses | D-Galactose is suitable for use in cell culture systems requiring sugar additives. |
| Uses | Galactose is a simple monosaccharide used as a component of the galactosyltransferase labeling buffer. It serves as an energy source and an important constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Since it is a component of antigens, it plays a vital role in the determination of blood type within the ABO blood group system. |
| Definition | A monosaccharide commonly occurring in milksugar or lactose. |
| Application | Galactose has been used: as a component of galactosyltransferase labeling buffer. as a supplement in MRS broth for the growth of thermophilic lactobacilli. to induce the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) in yeast transformants. |
| General Description | Galactose is a constituent of lactose. It is one of the main nutrients for newborn infants and young children. It is produced in the body for the formation of lactose and is also a component of glycolipids (cerebrosides) and glycoproteins. |
| Biological Activity | Galactose is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Galactose contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Defects in the genes encoding these proteins lead to the metabolic disorder galactosemia. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions | Galactose is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Galactose contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Defects in the genes encoding these proteins lead to the metabolic disorder galactosemia. |
| Purification Methods | D-Galactose is crystallised twice from aqueous 80% EtOH at -10o, then dried in a vacuum oven at 90o over P2O5 for 10hours. [Link Biochemical Preparations 3 75 1953, Hansen et al. Biochemical Preparations 4 2 1955.] Also purify it by recrystallising the dried solid (150g) in hot H2O (150mL), then adding hot MeOH (250mL) and hot EtOH (500mL), stirring to mix, filtering through a bed of charcoal, and the clear filtrate is stirred to initiate crystallisation. After standing overnight at 10o, the crystals of the -anomer are filtered off by suction, washed with MeOH, then EtOH, and dried (yield 130g), and more can be obtained by evaporation of the filtrate and washing as before. [Wolfrom & Thompson Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I 120 1962, Academic Press, Beilstein 1 IV 4336.] |
| References | [1] XU CUI. Chronic systemic D-galactose exposure induces memory loss, neurodegeneration, and oxidative damage in mice: Protective effects of R-α-lipoic acid[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2006, 84 3: 647-654. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20899 [2] M JACK BORROK Katrina T F Laura L Kiessling. Conformational changes of glucose/galactose-binding protein illuminated by open, unliganded, and ultra-high-resolution ligand-bound structures.[J]. Protein Science, 2007: 1032-1041. DOI: 10.1110/ps.062707807 |
D-Galactose Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Quercetin-->Hyperoside-->Gallic acid |
| Preparation Products | 4-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-->4-NITROPHENYL-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE-->1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose-->Konjac glucomannan-->METHYL-BETA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE-->6-NITROPIPERONYL ALCOHOL-->D-Homoserine-->beta-D-Galactose pentaacetate-->2,4-dihydroxy-Butanoic acid-->L-Arabinose-->D-Ribose-->alpha-L-Rhamnose-->Pyridoxine-->D(+)-Glucose |
