Dichlorosilane CAS 4109-96-0
Introduction：Basic information about Dichlorosilane CAS 4109-96-0, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Dichlorosilane Basic informationdescription Chemical Properties Grades available Uses Preparation Physiological Effects Disposal
| Product Name: | Dichlorosilane |
| Synonyms: | dichlorosilane for high purity，electronic grade;DICHLOROSILANE, 99.9+%;DICHLOROSILANE, 25% in heptane;dichlorosilane Cl2H2Si;dichloro-silan;dichlorsilane;siliconchloridehydride;DICHLOROSILANE |
| CAS: | 4109-96-0 |
| MF: | Cl2H2Si |
| MW: | 101.01 |
| EINECS: | 223-888-3 |
| Product Categories: | Synthetic Reagents;Chemical Synthesis;Compressed and Liquefied GasesMicro/Nanoelectronics;Electronic Chemicals;Gases |
| Mol File: | 4109-96-0.mol |
Dichlorosilane Chemical Properties
| Melting point | −122 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point | 8.3 °C(lit.) |
| density | 1,22 g/cm3 |
| vapor density | 3.5 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 1254 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Fp | -37°C |
| solubility | reacts with H2O |
| form | colorless gas |
| Specific Gravity | 0.76 |
| color | colorless gas; flammable |
| explosive limit | 99% |
| Water Solubility | decomposes |
| Hydrolytic Sensitivity | 9: reacts extremely rapidly with atmospheric moisture - may be pyrophoric - glove box or sealed system required |
| Stability: | Stable. Extremely flammable; note very wide explosion limits. Reacts violently with water, alcohols, strong oxidizing agents, bases. |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 4109-96-0(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Dichlorosilane (4109-96-0) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | F+,T |
| Risk Statements | 12-14-23-34 |
| Safety Statements | 26-36/37/39-45 |
| RIDADR | UN 2189 2.3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | VV3050000 |
| F | 4.5 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| DOT Classification | 2.3 Hazard Zone B (Gas poisonous by inhalation) |
| HazardClass | 2.3 |
| Toxicity | mouse,LC50,inhalation,144ppm/4H (144ppm),Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 70, Pg. 218, 1996. |
| description | Dichlorosilane is a highly flammable, corrosive, and toxic gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It causes severe bums on contact with eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. With water or moisture, it hydrolyzes rapidly to yield silica and silicon oxyhydride along with hydrochloric acid. It is shipped as a liquefied gas in low pressure cylinders at its vapor pressure of 9.1 psig (62.7 kPa) at 70°F (21.1 0q. It can form flammable mixtures with air and oxidizing agents. |
| Chemical Properties | Dichlorosilane, SiH2Cl2, is a colourless, toxic, flammable, corrosive liquid shipped at its vapour pressure of 9.1 psig (63 kPa) at 70°F (21°C). liquefied gas with pungent odor. Highly corrosive in humid conditions. Gas density is heavier than air. Dichlorosilane is a silicon precursor for epitaxial silicon, silicon germanium, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon carbide and metal silicide thin films. |
| Grades available | Dichlorosilane is primarily sold in ultra-high-purity grades for use in the electronics industry. A typical specification usually quantifies the acceptable levels of hydrocarbons and metals. Gas purity guidelines have been developed and published by Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International and can be found in the book of Book of SEMI Standards. |
| Uses | Dichlorosilane is primarily used in the electronics industry for such applications as growth of epitaxial or polycrystalline silicon and chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. It is an outstanding material for epitaxial deposition. Its silicon content by weight is greater than either trichlorosilane or silicon tetrachloride. Dichlorosilane deposits silicon more efficiently and at lower temperatures than the other chlorosilanes in epitaxial reactors. Dichlorosilane significantly lowers the processing time from that required with silane for deposi- tion of thick layers at reduced temperatures. The deposition rate of dichlorosilane does not vary appreciably with minor temperature changes inside the reactor, therefore substantially lowering the rejection rate by reducing variations in layer thickness and degree of taper. Since the deposition rate of dichlorosilane is not as temperature sensitive as that of other chlorosilanes, the rate is controlled by adjusting the dichlorosilane concentration in the hydrogen feedstream. |
| Preparation | Dichlorosilane is most commonly produced by the disproportionation of trichlorosilane in a catalytic redistribution reactor. The trichlorosilane is initially produced from metallurgical silicon that is reacted with hydrogen and silicon tetrachloride. |
| Physiological Effects | Dichlorosilane hydrolyzes and oxidizes readily to release hydrogen chloride; therefore, the symptoms, effects, and treatment will be similar to those for hydrogen chloride. Dichlorosilane will cause severe bums on contact with eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. If dichlorosilane is inhaled, immediately remove the victim to fresh air. If breathing is dif- ficult, give oxygen. Prompt treatment by a physician is required even if no symptoms of exposure are evident since the symptoms may be delayed. Inhalation of low concentrations of vapors will cause irritation of the respiratory tract, producing cough, excess sputum, and chest discomfort. Inhalation of vapors can cause severe irritation or bums of moist skin, mucous membranes, and the upper respiratory tract, as well as delayed pulmonary edema. Chronic exposure to the vapors may cause discoloration or erosion of the teeth, bleeding of nose and gums, and ulceration of the nasal mucosa. Vapor contact with the eye will cause severe irritation experienced as pain in the eye, excess lachrymation, closure of the eyelids, and marked excess redness and swelling of the conjunctive. If high concentrations of hydrogen chloride vapor are formed, then corneal injury can occur. Splash contamination may cause severe conjunctivitis seen as marked excess redness and swelling of the conjunctive, discharge, iritis, and severe corneal injury. The corneal injury, if untreated, could result in permanent blindness. |
| Disposal | Dichlorosilane should not be discharged directly into surface waters or sewer systems since an acidic waste product is formed. The disposal can be accomplished by controlled introduction of the product into water. The exothermic reactions of dichlorosilane with water (hydrolysis) result in the formation of hydrochloric acid and an insoluble silicon containing solid or fluid. In order to prevent air pollution, the quantity of water must be sufticient to dissolve all of the hydrogen chloride that will be formed. The ratio of water to dichlorosilane should be at least 10 to 1. The corrosive and exothermic nature of the reaction should be considered in selecting materials of construction for the equipment used in this procedure. The hydrochloric acid formed should then be neutralized with an alkali agent such as aqueous ammonia, sodium hydroxide, lime slurry, etc., and should be added as an aqueous solution with agitation to the acidic medium. Consideration must be given to the additional heat that will be produced by the neutralization. Silicon-containing solids should be washed to remove residual acid. Discard any product, residue, disposable container, or liner in an environmentally acceptable manner. Disposal of dichlorosilane by neutralizing, scrubbing, incineration, or by other means, may be subject to permitting by federal, state or provincial regulations. Persons involved with disposal of dichiorosilane should check with the environmental authorities having jurisdiction to determine the applicability of permitting regulations to disposal activities. |
| Description | Dichlorosilane is a highly flammable, corrosive,and toxic gas at room temperature and atmosphericpressure. It causes severe bums oncontact with eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.With water or moisture, it hydrolyzes rapidly toyield silica and silicon oxyhydride along withhydrochloric acid. It is shipped as a liquefied gasin low pressure cylinders at its vapor pressure of9.1 psig (62.7 kPa) at 70°F (21.1℃. It can formflammable mixtures with air and oxidizingagents. |
| Chemical Properties | colourless gas |
| Uses | Dichlorosilane is primarily used in the electronicsindustry for such applications as growthof epitaxial or polycrystalline silicon andchemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxideand silicon nitride. |
| Application | Gives improved yields in reduction of imines over that of trichlorosilane.Easier to handle form of dichlorosilane. |
| General Description | Dichlorosilane is a flammable and poisonous gas, with a strong repulsive odor. Dichlorosilane is easily ignited in air, reacts with oxidizing agents, is very toxic by inhalation, and is a strong irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the container may rupture violently or rocket. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Based on the properties of similar materials, there is the possibility that the reaction of Dichlorosilane with water may be vigorous or violent. Products of the reaction include hydrogen chloride. The reaction generates heat and this heat may be sufficient to ignite the product. The chlorosilicon hydrides(ClxSiHy) are spontaneously flammable in air, NFPA 1991. |
| Reactivity Profile | Chlorosilanes, such as Dichlorosilane, are compounds in which silicon is bonded to from one to four chlorine atoms with other bonds to hydrogen and/or alkyl groups. Chlorosilanes react with water, moist air, or steam to produce heat and toxic, corrosive fumes of hydrogen chloride. They may also produce flammable gaseous H2. They can serve as chlorination agents. Chlorosilanes react vigorously with both organic and inorganic acids and with bases to generate toxic or flammable gases. |
| Hazard | Dichlorosilane is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Hydrogen chloride causes severe eye and skin burns and is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. The four-digit UN identification number is 2189. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 4, and reactivity 2. The white area at the bottom of the diamond contains a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity. |
| Health Hazard | TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. |
| Fire Hazard | Flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Extremely flammable liquified gas |
| Materials Uses | Dichlorosilane, in the complete absence of water,can be safely stored in mild steel equipment.In the presence of even small traces of water,dichlorosilane becomes extremely corrosivesince the Si-CI bonds react rapidly with water,generating hydrogen chloride.br/>Because of reactivity with water, dichlorosilaneshould always be handled in dry equipment with a dry inert gas such as nitrogen.For transfer service, dry inert gas is preferred topumping. Some examples of other commoncompatible materials used include: Viton, Teflon,Kel-F, nickel, Monel, and some types ofstainless steel. |
| Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by inhalation. Ignites spontaneously in air. Confined mixtures with air are spontaneously explosive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLOROSILANES. |
| Physiological effects | Dichlorosilane hydrolyzes and oxidizes readilyto release hydrogen chloride; therefore, thesymptoms, effects, and treatment will be similarto those for hydrogen chloride. Dichlorosilanewill cause severe bums on contact with eyes,skin, and mucous membranes. If dichlorosilane is inhaled, immediately removethe victim to fresh air. If breathing is difficult,give oxygen. Prompt treatment by a physicianis required even if no symptoms of exposureare evident since the symptoms may bedelayed. |
| storage | Since dichlorosilane is a highly flammable, corrosive,and toxic liquefied gas, appropriate precautionsmust be taken in its storage and handling.During the handling of chlorosilanes, theuse of such protective equipment as goggles,neoprene or natural rubber gloves, and protectiveclothing is essential. SCBAs, as well asboth safety showers and eyewash fountains,should be available for emergency use. Cylinders should be assigned a definite areafor storage. The area should be dry, cool, wellventilated, fire resistant, and away from ignitionsources. Keep cylinders protected from excessivetemperature rise by storing them away fromradiators or other heat sources. Storage conditionsshould comply with local and state regulations. Cylinders may be stored in the open, but mustbe protected against extremes of weather andfrom the dampness of the ground to preventrusting. During the summer, cylinders stored inthe open should be shaded against the continuousdirect rays of the sun in those localitieswhere extreme temperatures prevail. |
| Toxics Screening Level | The initial threshold screening levels (ITSLs) for dichlorosilane (DS) are 2900 μg/m3 (1-hr averaging time) and 28 μg/m3 (annual averaging time). |
| Waste Disposal | Dichlorosilane should not be discharged directlyinto surface waters or sewer systems since anacidic waste product is formed. The disposalcan be accomplished by controlled introductionof the product into water. The exothermic reactionsof dichlorosilane with water (hydrolysis)result in the formation of hydrochloric acid andan insoluble silicon containing solid or fluid. Inorder to prevent air pollution, the quantity ofwater must be sufticient to dissolve all of thehydrogen chloride that will be formed. The ratioof water to dichlorosilane should be at least 10to 1. The corrosive and exothermic nature of thereaction should be t;onsidered in selecting materialsof construction for the equipment used inthis procedure. The hydrochloric acid formed should then beneutralized with an alkali agent such as aqueousammonia, sodium hydroxide, lime slurry, etc.,and should be added as an aqueous solutionwith agitation to the acidic medium. Consideration must be given to the additional heat thatwill be produced by the neutralization.Silicon-containing solids should be washed toremove residual acid. Discard any product, residue,disposable container, or liner in an environmentallyacceptable manner. Disposal ofdichlorosilane by neutralizing, scrubbing, incineration,or by other means, may be subject topermitting by federal, state or provincial regulations.Persons involved with disposal of dichiorosilaneshould check with the environmentalauthorities having jurisdiction to determinethe applicability of permitting regulationsto disposal activities. |
| GRADES AVAILABLE | Dichlorosilane is primarily sold in ultra-high-purity grades for use in the electronicsindustry. A typical specification usually quantifiesthe acceptable levels of hydrocarbons andmetals. Gas purity guidelines have been developedand published by Semiconductor Equipmentand Materials International and can be found inthe book of Book ofSEMI Standards [1]. |
Dichlorosilane Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Silicon-->Trichlorosilane |
| Preparation Products | Cyclohexasiloxane |
