D-Mannitol CAS 69-65-8
Introduction：Basic information about D-Mannitol CAS 69-65-8, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
D-Mannitol Basic information
| Product Name: | D-Mannitol |
| Synonyms: | D-Mannitol tested according to Ph.Eur.;D-Mannit 0.25;invenex;Isotol;Maniton-S;Mannazucker;Mannazucker (German);Mannidex |
| CAS: | 69-65-8 |
| MF: | C6H14O6 |
| MW: | 182.17 |
| EINECS: | 200-711-8 |
| Product Categories: | Food additives;Food additive and Sweeteners;Pharmaceutical intermediates;Inhibitors;SAVELLA;Substrates;Miscellaneous Natural Products;Dextrins、Sugar & Carbohydrates;Carbohydrates & Derivatives;13C & 2H Sugars;Biochemistry;Sugar Alcohols;Sugars;Food & Flavor Additives |
| Mol File: | 69-65-8.mol |
D-Mannitol Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 167-170 °C(lit.) |
| alpha | 141 º (c= USP-directives) |
| Boiling point | 295°C |
| bulk density | 400-500kg/m3 |
| density | 1.52 |
| refractive index | 1.3330 (estimate) |
| Fp | 290-295°C/3.5mm |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
| form | Crystalline Powder |
| pka | 13.5(at 18℃) |
| color | White |
| PH | 5.0-6.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O) |
| Odor | at 100.00 %. odorless |
| Odor Type | odorless |
| Optical Rotation | [α]25/D +23.3 to +24.3°(lit.) |
| biological source | plant |
| Water Solubility | soluble |
| λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04 |
| Merck | 14,5745 |
| BRN | 1721898 |
| Stability: | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | MOISTURISING FRAGRANCE SKIN CONDITIONING BINDING HUMECTANT |
| InChI | 1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1 |
| InChIKey | FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO |
| LogP | -3.262 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 69-65-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | D-Mannitol(69-65-8) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | D-Mannitol (69-65-8) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 24/25-36-26 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | OP2060000 |
| F | 3 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 410 °C |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 29054300 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 69-65-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 13500 mg/kg |
| Description | Mannitol is a white, crystalline solid consisting of D-mannitol and a small quantity of sorbitol. It is odorless and has a sweet taste. It is soluble in water, very slightly soluble in alcohol, and practically insoluble in most other common organic solvents. It is prepared commercially by catalytic reduction of glucose. Mannitol occurs in small amounts in a variety of foods such as olives, beets, and celery, and in the exudate of certain trees. |
| Chemical Properties | Mannitol is D-mannitol. It is a hexahydric alcohol related tomannose and is isomeric with sorbitol. D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. Mannitol occurs as a white, odorless, crystalline powder, or freeflowinggranules. It has a sweet taste, approximately as sweet asglucose and half as sweet as sucrose, and imparts a coolingsensation in the mouth. Microscopically, it appears as orthorhombicneedles when crystallized from alcohol. Mannitol showspolymorphism. |
| Originator | Mannitol,MSD,US,1946 |
| Uses | D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavo ring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener. Used in titrimetric determination of boric acid in the manufacture of dry electrolytic condensers for radio applications; Used in making artificial resins and plasticizers. |
| Definition | ChEBI: D-mannitol is the D-enantiomer of mannitol. It has a role as an osmotic diuretic, a sweetening agent, an antiglaucoma drug, a metabolite, an allergen, a hapten, a food bulking agent, a food anticaking agent, a food humectant, a food stabiliser, a food thickening agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes. |
| Production Methods | Mannitol may be extracted from the dried sap of manna and othernatural sources by means of hot alcohol or other selective solvents.It is commercially produced by the catalytic or electrolytic reductionof monosaccharides such as mannose and glucose. |
| Manufacturing Process | 250 g of glucose is dissolved in distilled water to give a solution of 48% concentration. This solution is heated to 65°C and barium hydroxide added in quantity sufficient to make the concentration of the barium hydroxide 0.2 mol/liter. The solution is agitated and maintained at 65°C for 6 hours after the addition of the barium hydroxide. It is then cooled and neutralized to a pH of 6.8 with sulfuric acid. The precipitated barium sulfate is filtered out. A quantity of activated supported nickel catalyst containing 5 g of nickel is added. The slurry is introduced into a 3-liter rocking autoclave, and hydrogenadmitted to a pressure of 1,500 psi. The autoclave is heated to a temperatureof 150°C in one hour and held at this temperature for 2.5 hours more.Pressure rises to about 1,800 psi and then declines to about 1,600 during thehydrogenation. The autoclave is then cooled, emptied, and the catalyst filteredfrom the product. The filtrate is then concentrated under vacuum on a hotwater bath to remove a part of the water. The concentrate is taken up in warm aqueous methanol so adjusted that thecomposition of the solvent is 90% methanol/10% water, and the weight of thesolvent is 3 times the weight of the solids in the concentrate. This solution iscooled to 20°C and held overnight. The mannitol which crystallizes is filteredout. The filtrate is concentrated on a water bath under vacuum to removemethanol and adjusted to a water percentage of 16%. The resulting syrup isviscous, noncrystallizing and nongelling, and analysis shows a PN (PyridineNumber) of 32 and essentially no reducing sugar, according to US Patent2,749,371. |
| Brand name | Osmitrol (Baxter Healthcare); Resectisol (B Braun). |
| Therapeutic Function | Diuretic, Diagnostic aid (kidney function) |
| General Description | Odorless white crystalline powder or free-flowing granules. Sweet taste. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Water soluble. |
| Reactivity Profile | A sugar alcohol. More closely related to carbohydrates than to other polyhydric alcohols [Noller]. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination with alkali metals, nitrides, strong reducing agents and strong oxidizing agents. |
| Hazard | Mildly toxic; mutagen. |
| Fire Hazard | D-Mannitol is probably combustible. |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Mannitol is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations and foodproducts. In pharmaceutical preparations it is primarily used as adiluent (10–90% w/w) in tablet formulations, where it is ofparticular value since it is not hygroscopic and may thus be usedwith moisture-sensitive active ingredients. Mannitol may be used in direct-compression tablet applications,for which the granular and spray-dried forms areavailable, or in wet granulations.Granulations containingmannitol have the advantage of being dried easily. Specific tabletapplications include antacid preparations, glyceryl trinitrate tablets,and vitamin preparations. Mannitol is commonly used as anexcipient in the manufacture of chewable tablet formulationsbecause of its negative heat of solution, sweetness, and ‘mouthfeel’. In lyophilized preparations, mannitol (20–90% w/w) has beenincluded as a carrier to produce a stiff, homogeneous cake thatimproves the appearance of the lyophilized plug in a vial.Apyrogen-free form is available specifically for this use.Mannitol has also been used to prevent thickening in aqueousantacid suspensions of aluminum hydroxide (<7% w/v). It has beensuggested as a plasticizer in soft-gelatin capsules, as a component ofsustained-release tablet formulations,and as a carrier in drypowder inhalers.It is also used as a diluent in rapidlydispersing oral dosage forms.It is used in food applications asa bulking agent.Therapeutically, mannitol administered parenterally is used asan osmotic diuretic, as a diagnostic agent for kidney function, as anadjunct in the treatment of acute renal failure, and as an agent toreduce intracranial pressure, treat cerebral edema, and reduceintraocular pressure. Given orally, mannitol is not absorbedsignificantly from the gastrointestinal tract, but in large doses itcan cause osmotic diarrhea; |
| Biochem/physiol Actions | A sugar alcohol sweet tastant. Used in sweetness inhibition studies. |
| Safety | Mannitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol found in animalsand plants; it is present in small quantities in almost all vegetables.Laxative effects may occur if mannitol is consumed orally in largequantities.If it is used in foods as a bodying agent and dailyingestion of over 20g is foreseeable, the product label should bearthe statement ‘excessive consumption may have a laxative effect’.After intravenous injection, mannitol is not metabolized to anyappreciable extent and is minimally reabsorbed by the renal tubule,about 80% of a dose being excreted in the urine in 3 hours. A number of adverse reactions to mannitol have been reported,primarily following the therapeutic use of 20% w/v aqueousintravenous infusions.The quantity of mannitol used as anexcipient is considerably less than that used therapeutically and isconsequently associated with a lower incidence of adverse reactions.However, allergic, hypersensitive-type reactions may occur whenmannitol is used as an excipient. An acceptable daily intake of mannitol has not been specified bythe WHO since the amount consumed as a sweetening agent wasnot considered to represent a hazard to health. LD50 (mouse, IP): 14 g/kg LD50 (mouse, IV): 7.47 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 22 g/kg LD50 (rat, IV): 9.69 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 13.5 g/kg |
| storage | Mannitol is stable in the dry state and in aqueous solutions.Solutions may be sterilized by filtration or by autoclaving and ifnecessary may be autoclaved repeatedly with no adverse physical orchemical effects.In solution, mannitol is not attacked by cold,dilute acids or alkalis, nor by atmospheric oxygen in the absence ofcatalysts. Mannitol does not undergo Maillard reactions. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in acool, dry place. |
| Purification Methods | D-Mannitol is crystallised from EtOH, MeOH or H2O and dried at 100o. [Thomson Acta Chem Scand 6 270, 279, 280 1952, Beilstein 1 IV 2841.] |
| Incompatibilities | Mannitol solutions, 20% w/v or stronger, may be salted out bypotassium chloride or sodium chloride.Precipitation has beenreported to occur when a 25% w/v mannitol solution was allowedto contact plastic.Sodium cephapirin at 2 mg/mL and 30 mg/mLconcentration is incompatible with 20% w/v aqueous mannitolsolution. Mannitol is incompatible with xylitol infusion and mayform complexes with some metals such as aluminum, copper, andiron. Reducing sugar impurities in mannitol have been implicated inthe oxidative degradation of a peptide in a lyophilized formation.Mannitol was found to reduce the oral bioavailability ofcimetidine compared to sucrose. |
| Regulatory Status | GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IP, IM, IV, andSC injections; infusions; buccal, oral and sublingual tablets,powders and capsules; ophthalmic preparations; topical solutions).Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in theUK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Mon-medicinalIngredients. |
D-Mannitol Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Sucrose-->Hydrogen-->D-Glucose monohydrate |
| Preparation Products | Spinosad D-->SPINOSAD-->Dropropizine-->Sodium alginate-->(S)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol-->Konjac glucomannan-->DIBROMODULCITOL-->D-Mannose-->1,2:5,6-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-D-mannitol-->L-Mannitol, 1,2:5,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)- |
