Ethyl maltol CAS 4940-11-8
Introduction：Basic information about Ethyl maltol CAS 4940-11-8, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Ethyl maltol Basic information
| Product Name: | Ethyl maltol |
| Synonyms: | 6-ETHYL-3-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-4H-PYRAN-4-ONE;3-HYDROXY-2-ETHYL-4-PYRONE;Ethylmaltol (Subject To Patent Free);3-Hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone,ethyl maltol;ETHYL MALTOL 99+% FCC;ETHYLMALTOL FCCIV;PYRAN-4-ONE,3-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-,2-ETHYLESTER;2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one, Ethyl maltol |
| CAS: | 4940-11-8 |
| MF: | C7H8O3 |
| MW: | 140.14 |
| EINECS: | 225-582-5 |
| Product Categories: | Food Additives;Food & Flavor Additives;Building Blocks;Chemical Synthesis;Heterocyclic Building Blocks;Pyrans;Food and Feed Additive;Food & Feed ADDITIVES;4940-11-8 |
| Mol File: | 4940-11-8.mol |
Ethyl maltol Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 85-95 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 196.62°C (rough estimate) |
| density | 1.1624 (rough estimate) |
| vapor pressure | 0.2Pa at 24℃ |
| refractive index | 1.4850 (estimate) |
| FEMA | 3487 | ETHYL MALTOL |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly) |
| pka | 8.38±0.10(Predicted) |
| form | Solid |
| color | White to Pale Yellow |
| Odor | at 5.00 % in benzyl alcohol. sweet caramel jam strawberry cotton candy |
| Odor Type | caramellic |
| biological source | synthetic |
| Water Solubility | 9.345g/L at 24℃ |
| Merck | 14,3824 |
| JECFA Number | 1481 |
| Major Application | cleaning products cosmetics flavors and fragrances food and beverages personal care |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | PERFUMING FRAGRANCE |
| InChI | 1S/C7H8O3/c1-2-6-7(9)5(8)3-4-10-6/h3-4,9H,2H2,1H3 |
| InChIKey | YIKYNHJUKRTCJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CCC1=C(O)C(=O)C=CO1 |
| LogP | 2.9 at 25℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 4940-11-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | 4H-pyran-4-one, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-(4940-11-8) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy- (4940-11-8) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xn |
| Risk Statements | 22 |
| Safety Statements | 36 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | UQ0840000 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 29329990 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 4 Oral |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in male mice, male rats, female rats, chicks (mg/kg): 780, 1150, 1200, 1270 (Gralla) |
| Chemical Properties | White crystalline solid with characteristic, very sweet, caramel-likeodor and taste. In dilute solution it possesses a sweet, fruitlike flavorand odor. |
| Chemical Properties | It forms white crystals (mp 90–91°C) with very sweetcaramel-like odor, four to six times more potent than maltol.Several syntheses have been developed for its preparation. In a one-pot process,for example, ??-ethylfurfuryl alcohol is treated with halogen to give 4-halo-6-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one, which need not be isolated and can beconverted to ethylmaltol by aqueous hydrolysis |
| Chemical Properties | Ethyl maltol has a very sweet, fruit-like odor of immense tenacity and sweet, fruity taste with initial bitter-tart flavor;rapid loss of flavor per se. It is four to six times more potent than maltol. |
| Occurrence | Has apparently not been reported to occur in nature. |
| History | In 1891, Bernhardi first discovered synthesis, and its derivatives are used for therapeutic purposes and can be prepared in industrial experiments. As war ammunition, it was first used by France in fortress warfare, and was prepared before the war. In October 1914, the French used it as a gas grenade, planned for the fortress battle. On January 7, 1915, it was actually used in the forest of Argonnen on the western front of France. |
| Uses | Ethyl Maltol is an extract from medicinal plants such as P. Incarnata and can be used as an anticonvulsant, acting as a depressant, and on motor activity. |
| Uses | Ethyl Maltol is a flavoring agent that is a white, crystalline powder. it has a unique odor and a sweet taste that resembles fruit. the melt-ing point is 90°c. it is sparingly soluble in water and propylene gly-col and soluble in alcohol and chloroform. it is obtained by chemical synthesis. |
| Uses | Flavor and fragrance enhancer in foods, especially baked goods, beverages, and synthetic berry and citrus flavorings; minimizes undesirable flavors in tobacco products, cough syrup, vitamins, cosmetics, and saccharin-containing products. |
| Preparation | Several syntheses have been developed for its preparation. In a one-pot process,for example, ??-ethylfurfuryl alcohol is treated with halogen to give 4-halo-6-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one, which need not be isolated and can beconverted to ethylmaltol by aqueous hydrolysis. |
| Production Methods | Unlike maltol, ethyl maltol does not occur naturally. It may beprepared by treating a-ethylfurfuryl alcohol with a halogen toproduce 4-halo-6-hydroxy-2-ethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one, which isconverted to ethyl maltol by hydrolysis. |
| Preparation | Fermentation method. Kojic acid is obtained from starch fermentation, and then ethyl maltol is obtained by etherification, oxidation, debenzylation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation and reduction. Pyrofuroic acid method. A solution of pyrofuroic acid and acetic acid at a temperature of 90°C was added dropwise to the ether solution of diacetyl peroxide within 1~2h, and then the mixture was raised to 2h within 2h. 110 ° C, so that the 2-position of pyrofuroic acid can be directly alkylated to obtain ethyl maltol. furfuryl alcohol method. Furfuryl alcohol is chlorinated in methanol aqueous solution by introducing chlorine gas to generate 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-4H-ketone, and then heated and hydrolyzed to obtain pyrofuroic acid; under alkaline conditions, pyrofuroic acid is condensed with acetaldehyde to obtain hydroxyethyl Pyrofuroic acid, which is reduced to ethyl maltol with zinc powder in hydrochloric acid. Furfural method. Furfural reacts with ethylmagnesium bromide to obtain ethylfurfuryl alcohol (α-furan alkanol), which is then oxidized by chlorine gas in methanol aqueous solution at 0°C, and then heated to 100°C for hydrolysis to obtain ethyl maltol. |
| Definition | ChEBI: Ethyl maltol is a pyranone. |
| Taste threshold values | Taste characteristics at 70 ppm: sweet, burnt cotton, sugar candy-like with jamy, strawberry notes. |
| General Description | Ethyl maltol is a synthetic homologue of maltol, often found as flavor enhancers and it contributes to the fragrance of commercials products such as cereals, breads, malt beverages, coffee, soybeans and chocolate milk. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Not classified |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Ethyl maltol is used in pharmaceutical formulations and foodproducts as a flavoring agent or flavor enhancer in applicationssimilar to maltol. It has a flavor and odor 4–6 times as intense asmaltol. Ethyl maltol is used in oral syrups at concentrations ofabout 0.004% w/v and also at low levels in perfumery. |
| Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. |
| Safety | In animal feeding studies, ethyl maltol has been shown to be welltolerated with no adverse toxic, reproductive, or embryogenic effects. It has been reported that while the acute toxicity of ethylmaltol, in animal studies, is slightly greater than maltol, withrepeated dosing the opposite is true. The WHO has set anacceptable daily intake for ethyl maltol at up to 2 mg/kg bodyweight. LD50 (chicken, oral): 1.27 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 1.15 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 0.78 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.91 g/kg |
| Synthesis | From kojic acid |
| Metabolism | When orally administered, ethyl maltol was rapidly and extensively absorbed. Elimination was also extensive and rapid, involving conjugation as the glucuronide and ethereal sulphate, and excretion in the urine to the extent of 65-70% within 24 hr. Rate studies after iv dosage indicated that the bulk (86%) of the recovered conjugates was excreted within 6 hr (Rennhard, 1971). |
| storage | Solutions may be stored in glass or plastic containers. The bulkmaterial should be stored in a well-closed container, protected fromlight, in a cool, dry place. |
| Regulatory Status | GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database(oral syrup). |
Ethyl maltol Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Diethyl ether-->Ammonium chloride-->Chlorine-->Benzyl chloride-->Manganese dioxide-->Bromoethane-->Sodium chlorate-->CHLOROETHANE-->Furfural-->Furfuryl alcohol-->2-Furoic acid-->CARAMEL-->Benzyl ether-->Kojic acid-->Pyromeconic acid |
