Glyceryl monostearate CAS 31566-31-1
Introduction：Basic information about Glyceryl monostearate CAS 31566-31-1, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Glyceryl monostearate Basic information
| Product Name: | Glyceryl monostearate |
| Synonyms: | abracols.l.g.;admul;advawax140;2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate;D01947;Glyceryl monostearate (jp15/nf);Glycerol Monostearate HPMC;Glycerol Monosterate 35% GMS 401 SE |
| CAS: | 31566-31-1 |
| MF: | C21H42O4 |
| MW: | 358.56 |
| EINECS: | 250-705-4 |
| Product Categories: | Organic chemistry;Cosmetic Ingredients & Chemicals;bc0001 |
| Mol File: | 31566-31-1.mol |
Glyceryl monostearate Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 78-81 °C |
| Boiling point | 410.96°C (rough estimate) |
| density | 0.9700 |
| refractive index | 1.4400 (estimate) |
| Fp | >500 |
| storage temp. | Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C |
| solubility | Soluble in hot ethanol, ether, chloroform, hot acetone,mineral oil, and fixed oils. Practically insoluble in water, but maybe dispersed in water with the aid of a small amount of soap orother surfactant. |
| form | Powder |
| color | Pure-white or cream-colored, wax-like solid |
| Odor | faint odor |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in hot organic solvents.Soluble in hot water. Slightly soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in aliphatic solvents. |
| Merck | 14,4489 |
| Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3 |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C21H42O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-21(24)25-19-20(23)18-22/h20,22-23H,2-19H2,1H3 |
| InChIKey | VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C(OCC(CO)O)(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 31566-31-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Glyceryl monostearate (31566-31-1) |
Safety Information
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 2918199890 |
| Toxicity | LD50 ipr-mus: 200 mg/kg NTIS** AD277-689 |
| Description | §184.1324(a) Glyceryl monostearate, also known as monostearin,is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate(C21H42O4), and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercialstearic acid. Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by glycerolysis ofcertain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or byesterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived fromedible sources. |
| Chemical Properties | Glyceryl monostearate is waxy to the touch and has a slight, mild fatty odor and taste The USP describes glyceryl monostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides, chiefy glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. |
| Chemical Properties | While the names glyceryl monostearate and mono- and diglyceridesare used for a variety of esters of long-chain fatty acids,the esters fall into two distinct grades: 40–55 percent monoglycerides The PhEur 6.0 describes glycerylmonostearate 40–55 as a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mostlymonostearoylglycerol, together with quantities of di- andtriacylglycerols. It contains 40–55% of monoacylglycerols,30–45% of diacylglycerols, and 5–15% of triacylglycerols.This PhEur grade corresponds to mono- and di-glycerides USP–NF, which has similar specifications (not less than 40%monoglycerides). 90 percent monoglycerides The USP32–NF27 describes glycerylmonostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglyceridesof saturated fatty acids, chiefly glyceryl monostearate(C21H42O4) and glyceryl monopalmitate (C19H38O4). The commercial products are mixtures of variable proportionsof glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. Glyceryl monostearate is a white to cream-colored, wax-likesolid in the form of beads, flakes, or powder. It is waxy to the touchand has a slight fatty odor and taste. |
| Uses | glyceryl stearate is an emulsifier that helps form neutral, stable emulsions. It is also a solvent, humectant, and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations. In addition, it can be used as a skin lubricant and imparts a pleasant skin feel. glyceryl stearate is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of palmitic and stearic acids, and is made from glycerin and stearic fatty acids. Derived for cosmetic use from palm kernel or soy oil, it is also found in the human body. It is very mild with a low skin-irritation profile; however, a slight risk of irritation exists if products contain poor quality glyceryl stearate. |
| Uses | Glyceryl monostearate is also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. Is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources. |
| Uses | Lonzest(R) GMS is a surfactant used in a variety of markets. |
| Uses | Aldo(R) MS BO KFG is a glycerol ester made from soybean oil derived fatty acid. This product finds uses in both food and cosmetic applications. |
| Uses | Aldo(R) MSD KFG is a self emulsifying nonionic surfactant, used as a lubricant in confectionery, as a release agent and as a dough softener. It is used as a low HLB emulsifier in personal care products where non animal grade products are needed. |
| Uses | In pharmaceutical dispensing, see Green, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Pract. Pharm. Ed. 7, 299 (1946). |
| Uses | glyceryl monostearate (glycerin monostearate; glyceryl stearate) is widely used in cosmetics. It is an emulsifying and solubilizing ingredient, dispersing agent, emollient, formula stabilizer, and surface-action agent. employed in baby creams, face masks, foundation, and hand lotions, it is often derived from hydrogenated soybean oil. glyceryl monostearate has little or no G toxicity. |
| Uses | Commercially, glyceryl monostearate is synthesized from mono triglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides of palmitic acid and stearic acid. Glycerol monostearate is often used as an emulsifier to stabilize the product and prevent separation. It is found in many personal care products such as moisturizers, eye creams, sunscreens, cosmetics, and hand creams. Glycerol monostearate is also used as a preservative. |
| Production Methods | Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by the reaction of glycerin withtriglycerides from animal or vegetable sources, producing a mixtureof monoglycerides and diglycerides. The diglycerides may be furtherreacted to produce the 90% monoglyceride grade. Another processinvolves reaction of glycerol with stearoyl chloride. The starting materials are not pure substances and therefore theproducts obtained from the processes contain a mixture of esters,including palmitate and oleate. Consequently, the composition, andtherefore the physical properties, of glyceryl monostearate may varyconsiderably depending on the manufacturer. |
| Definition | An intermediate chemical. |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | The many varieties of glyceryl monostearate are used as nonionicemulsifiers, stabilizers, emollients, and plasticizers in a variety offood, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. It acts as aneffective stabilizer, that is, as a mutual solvent for polar andnonpolar compounds that may form water-in-oil or oil-in-wateremulsions.These properties also make it useful as a dispersingagent for pigments in oils or solids in fats, or as a solvent forphospholipids, such as lecithin. Glyceryl monostearate has also been used in a novel fluidizedhot-melt granulation technique for the production of granules andtablets. Glyceryl monostearate is a lubricant for tablet manufacturingand may be used to form sustained-release matrices for solid dosageforms. Sustained-release applications include the formulation ofpellets for tablets or suppositories, and the preparation of aveterinary bolus. Glyceryl monostearate has also been used as amatrix ingredient for a biodegradable, implantable, controlledreleasedosage form. When using glyceryl monostearate in a formulation, thepossibility of polymorph formation should be considered. The aformis dispersible and foamy, useful as an emulsifying agent orpreservative. The denser, more stable, b-form is suitable for waxmatrices. This application has been used to mask the flavor ofclarithromycin in a pediatric formulation. |
| Safety Profile | Poison byintraperitoneal route. When heated todecomposition it emits acrid smoke andirritating fumes. See also ESTERS. |
| Safety | Glyceryl monostearate is widely used in cosmetics, foods, and oraland topical pharmaceutical formulations, and is generally regardedas a nontoxic and nonirritant material. LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.2 g/kg |
| storage | If stored at warm temperatures, glyceryl monostearate increases inacid value upon aging owing to the saponification of the ester withtrace amounts of water. Effective antioxidants may be added, suchas butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate. Glyceryl monostearate should be stored in a tightly closedcontainer in a cool, dry place, and protected from light. |
| Incompatibilities | The self-emulsifying grades of glyceryl monostearate are incompatiblewith acidic substances. |
| Regulatory Status | GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database(oral capsules and tablets; ophthalmic, otic, rectal, topical,transdermal, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteralmedicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List ofAcceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. If glyceryl monostearate is produced from animal fats (tallow),there may be additional regulatory requirements that the source befree of contamination from bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
Glyceryl monostearate Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Sodium chloride-->Hexane-->Tetrabutylammonium bromide-->Sodium stearate-->Tetraethylammonium iodide |
