Isoamyl nitrite CAS 110-46-3
Introduction：Basic information about Isoamyl nitrite CAS 110-46-3, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Isoamyl nitrite Basic informationAntianginal drugs Cyanide poisoning antidote Chemical Properties Uses Production method Category Toxicity grading Acute toxicity Explosive hazardous characteristics Flammability hazard characteristics Storage characteristics Extinguishing agent
| Product Name: | Isoamyl nitrite |
| Synonyms: | Isoamyl nitrite,97%,stabilized;IsoaMyl nitrite, stabilized, 90% 100GR;IsoaMyl nitrite, 96%, stabilized;ISOPENTYL NITRITE EXTRA PURE STABILIZED;Nitrite isoaMyl acetate (110-46-3) - 2;sopentyl nitrite;Isoamyl nitrite3-Methylbutyl Nitrite;Isopentyl nitrite, stabilized with 0.2% anhyd. sodium carbonate |
| CAS: | 110-46-3 |
| MF: | C5H11NO2 |
| MW: | 117.15 |
| EINECS: | 203-770-8 |
| Product Categories: | Organics;K00001 |
| Mol File: | 110-46-3.mol |
Isoamyl nitrite Chemical Properties
| Melting point | <-80°C |
| Boiling point | 99 °C(lit.) |
| density | 0.872 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
| vapor pressure | 35-59.995hPa at 20-25℃ |
| refractive index | n |
| Fp | 50 °F |
| storage temp. | Store at +15°C to +25°C. |
| solubility | Chloroform (Soluble), Methanol (Slightly) |
| form | Liquid |
| color | Clear yellow |
| Water Solubility | <0.01 g/100 mL at 18 ºC |
| Sensitive | Air & Light Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,5123 |
| BRN | 969510 |
| Stability: | Unstable. Air and light sensitive. Flammable. Forms explosive mixtures with air or oxygen. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents. |
| Major Application | diagnostic assay manufacturing hematology histology |
| InChI | 1S/C5H11NO2/c1-5(2)3-4-8-6-7/h5H,3-4H2,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | OWFXIOWLTKNBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC(C)CCON=O |
| LogP | 2.45-2.85 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 110-46-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Amyl Nitrite(110-46-3) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Isoamyl nitrite (110-46-3) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | F,Xn |
| Risk Statements | 11-20/22 |
| Safety Statements | 16-24-46 |
| RIDADR | UN 1113 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | NT0187500 |
| F | 1-8-9 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 208 °C |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HazardClass | 3 |
| PackingGroup | II |
| HS Code | 29209090 |
| Storage Class | 3 - Flammable liquids |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation Acute Tox. 4 Oral Eye Dam. 1 Flam. Liq. 2 Muta. 2 Skin Corr. 1B Skin Sens. 1 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 110-46-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 505 mg/kg |
| Antianginal drugs | Light yellow transparent liquid, ether-like smell with fruity. It volatiles at room temperature, and is easy to burn. It is insoluble in water, can be mixed with alcohol, ether, chloroform or benzene arbitrary at any ratio. In case of light and air it will break down. Isoamyl nitrite, also known as amyl nitrite, is the fastest onset, and the shortest duration of anti-anginal drugs, is a sub-short-acting nitrates vasodilator, its pharmacological effects is similar to nitroglycerin, it can directly relax vascular smooth muscle, especially for small vascular smooth muscle, make systemic vasodilation, reduce peripheral resistance, blood pressure, reduce venous return blood, reduce cardiac output, thereby reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, anti-angina and effectively stimulate sexual desire. Because of its rapid hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, so this product is oral invalid, drugs used clinically are usually made on a volatile liquid pharmaceutical inhalants, rapidly absorbed in the lungs after inhalation, it can be effective less than half a minute , lasts for only 3 to 10 minutes, the anti-anginal effect nitroglycerin similar, but inhaled dose of this product is difficult to control, and the adverse reaction is large, which is its shortcomings. Because it often causes severe headache, severe hypotension and tachycardia, it is now rarely used in clinical treatment of angina and biliary colic, gradually being replaced by other nitrates. [Adverse reactions and Precautions] Common adverse reactions are headache, facial flushing, hypotension and reflex tachycardia ect. Isoamyl nitrite owns severe reaction than nitroglycerin. Excessive use dosage can cause low blood pressure and heart rate, increase symptoms of angina, heart rate and blood pressure should be closely observed during intravenous drug using. Due to excessive methemoglobin poisoning, symptoms include cyanosis, breathing difficulty and other symptoms of hypoxia, intravenous injection of 1% methylene blue is used for first aid, along with oxygen , and blood transfusions. Usinge for head trauma, brain hemorrhage, acute coronary thrombosis is banned. Using in coronary occlusion and increased intracranial pressure is banned. |
| Cyanide poisoning antidote | Pharmacological effects are the same with sodium nitrite, isoamyl nitrite is also an oxidizing agent, hemoglobin is oxidized to be high iron (Fe3 +) hemoglobin combines with cyanide ions to form cyanide methemoglobin, eliminates blood free cyanide ions on cytochrome oxidase enzyme infringement, but also makes the cytochrome oxidase bound cyanide ion release, leading to the enzyme activity and tissue respiration function recovery, it should be used simultaneously with sodium thiosulfate to bind with cyanide methemoglobin to form non-toxic thiocyanate group (SCN-) and excreted, and thus play a role in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. This product is administrated by inhalation, rapidly absorbed in the lungs, displays the effects after inhalation of 10 to 30 seconds, the role lasts for 3 to 5 minutes. For emergency use, sodium nitrite is intravenous injected until the symptoms improve. The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook of Tian Ye. |
| Chemical Properties | Light yellow clear liquid having a boiling point of 99 °C, the relative density is 0.871 (20/4 ℃), the refractive index is 1.3871, the flash point is 10 ℃. It is soluble with alcohol, ether, it can not dissolve in water. With fruit flavor. With volatility, it will break down in the case of light and air . |
| Uses | It is used in synthesizing perfumes, drugs and diazo compounds. It can be used as an oxidizing agent, solvent. Isobutyl nitrite ester is a drug that is the the fastest short-acting nitrates vasodilator. It is also used as hydrocyanic acid and its salts poisoning antidote.Vasodilators, for the treatment of angina pectoris, also it is used for cyanide poisoning; it is used in synthesizing perfumes, drugs and diazo compounds. It can be used as an oxidizing agent, solvent. |
| Production method | It is derived from isoamyl alcohol and sodium nitrite. According to the actual production situation, it may have a different method of operation. 1. The reaction takes place in the reaction tube, in synthetic aqueous solution of sodium nitrite, isoamyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid, respectively, are put into the high slot. First sodium nitrite solution and hydrochloric acid solution are dropped at the same rate into the synthesis pipe, when the chlorine gas bubbles in the pipe,isoamyl alcohol is slowly dropped from the top of the pipe, that is in the pipeline synthetic crude. Washed, dried, fractionated to get the products. 2. The reaction is carried out in a reaction tank of sodium nitrite, isoamyl alcohol and water are added to the reaction pot, stirring, cooling to 5 ℃, solution of hydrochloric acid is dropped. At 5 ℃ insulation for 1h, after standing hours to remove the water layer, acetate layer is washed with water, then washed with sodium carbonate solution, and then washed with water. After removing the layer of water, it is dehydrated with anhydrous sodium carbonate, filtered. The filtrate is distilled, collecting 97-99 ℃ distillate, to get isoamyl nitrite. |
| Category | Flammable liquid |
| Toxicity grading | Highly toxic |
| Acute toxicity | Oral-rat LD50: 505 mg/kg; inhalation-mouse LC50: 1430 PPM/30 min |
| Explosive hazardous characteristics | Heating can be explosive |
| Flammability hazard characteristics | In the case of fire, high temperature, oxidant, it is flammable; in the case of light, heat may generate toxic nitric oxide gas. |
| Storage characteristics | Treasury should be ventilation, low-temperature and dry; It should be stored separately from oxidants and acids. |
| Extinguishing agent | Dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent. |
| Description | Amyl nitrite had been used clinically as early as 1867, when theScottish physician Sir Thomas Brunton used it as a vasodilatoras treatment for angina pectoris in his patients. In the late1880s, a protective effect on cyanide toxicity in canines wasnoted when amyl nitrite was inhaled postexposure. Amylnitrite has been used clinically in a multicomponent cyanideantidote kit and is also a recreational drug of abuse (‘poppers’). |
| Chemical Properties | Isoamyl Nitrite is flammable and explosive and decomposeswhen exposed to air and sunlight. |
| Chemical Properties | Amyl nitrites are flammable, yellowish liquidwith a penetrating, fruity odor. Sp.Gr. 0.88.B.P. 99℃. Slightly soluble in water, miscible with alcohol and oils. |
| Uses | Isopentyl nitrite is used in the conversion of 2,6-disubstituted phenols to diphenoquinones and aminophenols to quinone diazides. It acts as an oxidant and nitrosating agent. It finds application in aromatic arylation, deamination of arylamines using tetrahydrofuran as a hydrogen donor. It is also useful for the preparation of benzyne using anthranilic acid. It is an antihypertensive and vasodilator to treat heart diseases such as angina and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. Further, it is used as a solvent and cleaning agent for a printed circuit board. In addition to this, it is considered to be a replacement for freon. |
| Uses | Isoamyl nitrite is a light yellow, transparent liquid with apleasant, fragrant, fruity odor. Amyl nitrite was introduced tomedicine in 1859 and has been under considerable pharmacologicalinvestigation since that time. Its major use was fortreating angina pectoris through its vasodilative effect on thecoronary arteries. However, this effect is transient, andnitroglycerin and longer acting nitrates have largely replacedit. Amyl nitrite has been most helpful in clarifying thedifferential diagnosis of murmurs. For example, left ventricularoutflowobstruction increases followingamyl nitrite administration.Mitral regurgitation decreases following amyl nitriteas does the apical diastolic rumble of mitral stenosis. TheAustin–Flint rumble decreases followingamyl nitrite as does aventricular septal defect and acyanotic tetralogy of Fallot. Pulmonic stenosis increases as does isolated valvular pulmonarystenosis following amyl nitrite. Isoamyl nitrite has also been reportedly used for inhalationabuse. The symptoms following inhalation oflarge doses by humans are flushing of the face, pulsatileheadache, disturbing tachycardia, cyanosis (methemoglobinemia),weakness, confusion, restlessness, faintness, andcollapse, particularly if the individual is standing. Thesymptoms are usually of short duration. Industrial intoxicationhas not been reported. |
| Uses | Vasodilator. |
| Preparation | Isoamyl nitrite is produced from iso-Amyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, water and diluted Sulfuric acid. |
| Definition | ChEBI: Isoamyl nitrite is a nitrite ester having isopentyl as the alkyl group. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and an antihypertensive agent. It derives from an isoamylol. |
| General Description | Clear yellow liquid. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Decomposes on exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | Isoamyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent but can serve as a reducing agent. Forms explosive mixtures with air or oxygen. . |
| Hazard | Flammable, dangerous fire risk, a strong oxidizer. Vapor may explode if ignited. |
| Fire Hazard | Isoamyl nitrite is flammable. |
| Potential Exposure | Amyl nitrite is used to make pharmaceuticals;perfumes, diazonium compounds, and otherchemicals. |
| Environmental Fate | The primary mechanism of toxicity develops from thepowerful oxidative effects of nitrites on hemoglobin. Methemoglobinemia,which develops when the iron atom inhemoglobin loses one electron to an oxidant, causing a changefrom the ferrous (2+) state to the ferric (3+) state, may causecellular hypoxia. When methemoglobin levels exceed10–15%, cyanosis may be evident. Nitrites also cause vasodilationby direct action on smooth muscle. Physical effectsinclude decreases in blood pressure, headache, flushing of theface, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntarymuscles, especially of the blood vessels and the analsphincter. Amyl nitrite may be irritating to the lungs and throat whenbreathed in. With exposure to the skin, amyl nitrite has irritantproperties. It can also be readily absorbed, causing systemiceffects with skin contact. |
| Shipping | UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., HazardClass: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical NameRequired. |
| Toxicity evaluation | A volatile liquid, amyl nitrite is slightly soluble in water and iscommonly supplied in ampoules that are broken and administeredby inhalation. Inhalation is likely the most commonroute of exposure, though reports of ingestion of the liquiditself have been seen. Amyl nitrite may also be absorbedthrough the skin when skin comes in contact with the liquid.Amyl nitrite is an unstable compound. It is air and lightsensitive and flammable. Amyl nitrite forms explosive mixtureswith air or oxygen, and it is incompatible with oxidizing agentsand reducing agents. |
| Incompatibilities | Vapors may form explosive mixture withair. Slowly decomposes in light, heat, and on contact withwater. A strong oxidizer. Contact with reducing agents andeasily oxidizable materials may cause fire and explosions.Reported to be an explosion hazard when exposed to air andlight. Keep away from alcohols, antipyrine, alkaline materials;alkaline carbonates; potassium iodide; bromides, and ferroussalts. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. |
| Waste Disposal | Incineration with scrubber toremove nitrogen oxides from the combustion gases. |
Isoamyl nitrite Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Sodium carbonate-->3-Methyl-1-butanol |
| Preparation Products | 2-CHLORO-5-FLUOROISONICOTINIC ACID-->3-Amino-5-fluoropyridine-->5-Fluoronicotinic acid-->2-Acetamido-5-fluoropyridine-->2-Amino-5-fluoropyridine-->(5-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)methanol ,97%-->3-Fluoro-5-methylpyridine-->ETHYL 5-FLUORONICOTINATE-->Nitrotetrazolium blue chloride-->METHYL 5-FLUOROPYRIDINE-3-CARBOXYLATE-->1,3-BENZODITHIOLYLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE-->2-CHLORO-2-HYDROXYIMINOACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER-->2-Chloro-5-fluoropyridine-->2-broMo-5-cyclopropylpyridine-->N,N-Diethyl-4-nitrosoaniline-->DIISOAMYLAMINE-->N-NITROSO-N-ETHYLANILINE-->ISOAMYL NITRATE-->S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE |
