| Chemical Properties | reddish-brown mobile liquid with aromatic odour |
| Chemical Properties | Naphthas derived from both petroleum andcoal tar are included in this group. Petroleum naphthas arecolorless liquids. Gasoline or kerosene-like odor. A mixtureof paraffins (C5-C13) that may contain a small amount ofaromatic hydrocarbons, and are termed “close-cut” fractions.“Medium-range” and “wide-range” fractions aremade up of 40-80% aliphatic hydrocarbons; 25-50%naphthenic hydrocarbons; 0-10% benzene, and 0-20%other aromatic hydrocarbons. |
| Uses | Diluent for paints, coatings, resins,printing inks, rubbers, and cements; solvent. |
| Uses | Pharmaceutic aid (solvent). |
| Definition | A general term applied to refined, partly refined, orunrefined petroleum products and liquid products ofnatural gas, not less than 10% of which distill below347F (175C) and not less than 95% of which distillbelow 464F (240C) when subjected to distillationin accordance with the Standard Method of Testfor Distillation of Gasoline, Naphtha, Kerosene,and Similar Petroleum Products |
| Production Methods | High flash naphtha C19 aromatic hydrocarbon componentsare obtained by dehydrogenating naphthenes and are primarilyethyltoluene and trimethylbenzene. |
| General Description | A clear colorless to dark brownish colored liquid with an aromatic odor. Less volatile fraction separated from coal tar by distillation. Contains naphthalene, acenaphthene, methylnaphthalenes, fluorene, phenol, cresols, pyridine, picolines, among other substances. Flash point greater than 100 °F. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Highly flammable. Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are contained in NAPHTHA, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water. May be ignited by strong oxidizers. Incompatible with strong oxidizers . |
| Hazard | Flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosivelimits in air 1–6%. |
| Health Hazard | Primarily a narcotic, causing unconsciousness in high concentrations. The symptoms of acute benzene poisoning are not likely, since the compound has components other than benzene. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Extremely flammable |
| Safety Profile | A human poison viaintravenous route. Experimentalcarcinogenic effects reported by skincontact. Human systemic effects byintravenous route: dyspnea, respiratorystimulation, and other unspecifiedrespiratory effects. Mildly toxic byinhalation. Can cause unconsciousness,which may be followed by coma, stentoriousbreathing, and bluish tint to the skin.Recovery follows removal from exposure. Inmild form, intoxication resemblesdrunkenness. On a chronic basis, no true poisoning; sometimes headache, lack ofappetite, dizziness, sleeplessness,indigestion, and nausea. A common aircontaminant. Flammable liquid whenexposed to heat or flame; can react withoxidzing materials. Keep containers tightlyclosed. Slight explosion hazard. To fight fire,use foam, CO2, dry chemical. |
| Potential Exposure | Naphthas are used as organic solventsfor dissolving or softening rubber, oils, greases, bituminouspaints, varnishes, and plastics. The less flammable fractionsare used in dry cleaning. The heavy naphthas are used as avehicle for various pesticides. Coal tar naphthas are used as quick-drying paint solvent; in the manufacture of floor coverings;resin solution; varnish; VM&P naphtha is used as asolvent for lacquers and varnishes and as a rapid-dry paintthinner. |
| Shipping | UN1136 Coal tar distillates, flammable, HazardClass: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid. |
| Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. |
| Toxics Screening Level | The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for naphtha has been changed from 3,500 μg/m3 (8-hour averaging time) to 4,000 μg/m3 (8-hour averaging time). |
| Waste Disposal | Dissolve or mix the materialwith a combustible solvent and burn in a chemicalincinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.All federal, state, and local environmental regulations mustbe observed. |
