CAS 4618-18-2|Lactulose

Introduction：Basic information about CAS 4618-18-2|Lactulose, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.

Table of Contents

1. Names
2. Lactulose BiologicalActivity
3. Chemical & Physical Properties
4. Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
5. Safety Information
6. Articles93
7. Synonyms

Common Name	Lactulose
CAS Number	4618-18-2	Molecular Weight	342.297
Density	1.32 g/cm3	Boiling Point	680.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	Melting Point	~169 °C (dec.)
MSDS	USA	Flash Point	365.4±31.5 °C

Names

Name	lactulose
Synonym	More Synonyms

Lactulose BiologicalActivity

Description	Lactulose is a non-absortable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It generally begin working after eight to twelve hours but may take up to two days to improve constipation.
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >>Others >>OthersResearch Areas >>Others

Chemical & Physical Properties

Density	1.32 g/cm3
Boiling Point	680.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	~169 °C (dec.)
Molecular Formula	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Molecular Weight	342.297
Flash Point	365.4±31.5 °C
Exact Mass	342.116211
PSA	197.37000
LogP	-3.21
Vapour Pressure	0.0±4.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.656
InChIKey	JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-BBMZBGFESA-N
SMILES	OCC1OC(OC2C(CO)OC(O)(CO)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O
Water Solubility	76.4 G/100 ML (30 ºC)

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LS6965000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Fructofuranose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-, D-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 4618-18-2

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0093773

LAST UPDATED :: 199706

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 16

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C12-H22-O11

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 342.34

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6OTJ B1Q CQ DQ EQ FO- DT5OTJ BQ B1Q CQ E1Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 40 mg/kg/3D

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium

REFERENCE :: DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,70,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 18160 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,301,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 16 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BCFAAI Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. (Societa Editoriale Farmaceutica, Via Ausonio 12, 20123 Milan, Italy) V.33- 1894- Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,596,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 33500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 31 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 15800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 29600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9960 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >12 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 24 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 648 gm/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2592 gm/kg/24W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Blood - normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 864 gm/kg/12W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3711 No. of Facilities: 87 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 2324 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1102 (estimated)

Safety Information

Personal Protective Equipment	Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
Hazard Codes	Xi
Safety Phrases	S24/25
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	LS6965000

Articles93

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The impact of petroleum contamination and of burrowing macrofauna on abundances of Marinobacter and denitrifiers was tested in marine sediment mesocoms after 3 months incubation. Quantification of thi...

Simultaneous gas-chromatographic urinary measurement of sugar probes to assess intestinal permeability: use of time course analysis to optimize its use to assess regional gut permeability.

Clin. Chim. Acta 442 , 24-32, (2015)

Measurement of intestinal permeability is important in several diseases but currently several methods are employed. We sought to: (1) develop a new GC based method to measure urinary mannitol, lactulo...

Improvement of efficiency in the enzymatic synthesis of lactulose palmitate.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 63(14) , 3716-24, (2015)

Sugar esters are considered as surfactants due to its amphiphilic balance that can lower the surface tension in oil/water mixtures. Enzymatic syntheses of these compounds are interesting both from eco...

Synonyms

laevolac

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

MFCD00151469

Lactulose

Cholac

Enulose

Liforos

4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranose

Caloryl

4-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-fructofuranose

cephulac

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy}-6-(hydroxyméthyl)tétrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

MLS-50

4-b-d-galactosido-d-fructose

EINECS 225-027-7

4-O-β-δ-Galactopyranosyl-δ-fructose

β-D-Fructofuranose, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-

Lagnos

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-3-furanyl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

4-O-b-D-Galactosyl-D-fructose

Duphalac

Piarle

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose

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