1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane CAS 96-12-8
Introduction：Basic information about 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane CAS 96-12-8, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Basic information
| Product Name: | 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane |
| Synonyms: | OS 1897(R);NEMAFU;NEMAFUME(R);NEMAGON(R);3-CHLOROPROPYLENE BROMIDE;3-CHLORO-1,2-DIBROMOPROPANE;sd1897;2,3-DIBROMO-1-CHLOROPROPANE |
| CAS: | 96-12-8 |
| MF: | C3H5Br2Cl |
| MW: | 236.33 |
| EINECS: | 202-479-3 |
| Product Categories: | Pharmaceutical Raw Materials;Analytical Chemistry;Chlorinated Compounds (Environmental Endocrine Disruptors);Environmental Endocrine Disruptors;Standard Solution of Volatile Organic Compounds for Water & Soil Analysis;Standard Solutions (VOC);Alpha Sort;BromoVolatiles/ Semivolatiles;Chemical Class;D;DAlphabetic;BromoChemical Class;ChloroVolatiles/ Semivolatiles;DIA - DICPesticides;DIA - DICPesticides&Metabolites;Fungicides;Halogenated;NematicidesPesticides;Others;Pesticides |
| Mol File: | 96-12-8.mol |
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 6°C |
| Boiling point | 195°C |
| density | 2.05 |
| vapor pressure | 0.8 at 21 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) |
| refractive index | n/D 1.5542 |
| Fp | 77 °C |
| storage temp. | Refrigerator |
| solubility | Miscible with oils, dichloropropane, and isopropanol (Windholz et al., 1983) |
| form | Dense Liquid |
| color | Colorless to Light yellow |
| Water Solubility | 0.123 g/100 mL |
| Merck | 14,3020 |
| BRN | 1732077 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 2.49 x 10-4 atm?m3/mol at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure) |
| Exposure limits | OSHA PEL: TWA 1 ppb. |
| Stability: | Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, chemically active metals and their alloys. May attack some rubber-based materials. |
| InChI | 1S/C3H5Br2Cl/c4-1-3(5)2-6/h3H,1-2H2 |
| InChIKey | WBEJYOJJBDISQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | ClCC(Br)CBr |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 96-12-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. 20, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Propane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-(96-12-8) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (96-12-8) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | T,F |
| Risk Statements | 45-46-60-25-48/20/22-52/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11 |
| Safety Statements | 53-45-61-36/37-16-7 |
| RIDADR | 2872 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | TX8750000 |
| Hazard Note | Toxic |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HazardClass | 6.1(b) |
| PackingGroup | III |
| HS Code | 2903793090 |
| Storage Class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 3 Oral Aquatic Chronic 3 Carc. 1B Muta. 1B Repr. 1A STOT RE 2 Oral |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 96-12-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in rats, mice (g/kg): 0.17, 0.26 orally (Torkelson) |
| Description | DBCP is an amber to brown liquid (a solidbelow 6℃/43°F) with a strong, pungent odor. It has an odorand taste threshold at 0.01 mg/L in water. Molecularweight = 236.35; Specific gravity (H2O:1): 2.1; Boilingpoint = 196℃ (decomposes); Freezing/Meltingpoint = 6.1℃; Vapor pressure 5=0.8 mmHg at 20℃; Flashpoint = 77℃. Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704 MRating System): Health 2, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0.Slightly soluble in water; solubility = 0.1%. |
| Chemical Properties | colourless to slightly yellow liquid |
| Physical properties | Colorless when pure, however, technical grades are yellowish to dark brown. Pungent odor at highconcentrations |
| Uses | Soil fumigant, nematocide and pesticide |
| Uses | Formerly as an agricultural nematocide(use banned in the US in 1977) |
| Uses | Soil fumigant; nematocide; intermediate in organic synthesis. |
| Production Methods | DBCP is produced by liquid phase addition of bromine toallyl chloride. It was first produced commercially in theUnited States in 1955. |
| Definition | ChEBI: 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is an organochlorine compound. |
| General Description | A colorless liquid. Denser than water. Flash point 170°F. Boiling point 195°F. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Used as a pesticide and fumigant. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Flammable. Soluble in water. Hydrolyzed in alkali. |
| Reactivity Profile | 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane reacts with chemically active metals such as aluminum, magnesium, tin and their alloys. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane will attack some rubber materials and coatings. |
| Health Hazard | Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating. May cause burning of eyes and flow of tears. May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea. Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. |
| Fire Hazard | Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. |
| Agricultural Uses | Nematicide, Fumigant: DBCP has been used in agriculture as a nematicidesince 1955, being supplied for such use in the forms of liquidconcentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, powder, granules,and solid material. A rebuttable presumption againstregistration for pesticide uses was issued by U.S. EPA onSeptember 22, 1977, on the basis of oncogenicity and reproductiveeffects. Then, as of November 3, 1977, EPA in afurther action suspended all registrations of end-use products,subject to various specific restrictions. Not listed asregistered in EU countries. |
| Trade name | BBC 12®; FUMAGONE®;FUMAZONE®[C]; MEMATOCIDE®; NEMABROM®;NEMAFUM®; NEMAGON®[C]; NEMAGON SOILFUMIGANT®[C]; NEMANAX®; NEMAPAZ®;NEMASET®; NEMATOCIDE®[C]; NEMATOX®;NEMAZON®; OS 1897®; OXY BCP®[C]; SD 1897® |
| Safety Profile | Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and teratogenic data. Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. An eye and severe skin irritant. Narcotic in high concentrations. Has been implicated in causing human sterihty in male factory workers. Human mutation data reported. A soil fumigant. Combustible. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland Br-. See also CHLORIDES and BROLVIDES. |
| Potential Exposure | AgriculturalChemical; Tumorigen, Mutagen; Reproductive Effector;Human Data; Primary Irritant. DBCP has been used in agriculture as a fumigant for control of nematodes since 1955,being supplied for such use in the forms of liquid concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, powder, granules, and solidmaterial. A rebuttable presumption against registration forpesticide uses was issued by US EPA on September 22,1977, on the basis of oncogenicity and reproductive effects.Then, as of November 3, 1977, the EPA in a further action,suspended all registrations of end-use products, subject tovarious specific restrictions. |
| First aid | If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least2030 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seekmedical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Contact local poison control center for adviceabout inducing vomiting. Medical observation is recommended for 2448 h after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonaryedema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consideradministering a corticosteroid spray. |
| Carcinogenicity | 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity fromstudies in experimental animals. |
| Environmental Fate | Biological. Biodegradation is not expected to be significant in removing 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. In aerobic soil columns, no degradation was observed after 25 days(Wilson et al., 1981a). Soil. Soil water cultures converted 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to n-propanol, bromideand chloride ions. Precursors to the alcohol formation include allyl chloride and allylalcohol (Castro and Belser, 1968). The reported half-life in soil is 6 months (Jury et al.,1987). Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane has ahigh potential to leach to groundwater. Chemical/Physical. 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is subject to both neutral and basemediatehydrolysis (Kollig, 1993). Under neutral conditions, the chlorine or bromine atomsmay be displaced by hydroxyl ions. If nucleophilic attack occurs at the carbon-chlorinebond, 2,3-dibromopropanol is formed which reacts further to give 2,3-dihydroxybromopropanevia the intermediate epibromohydrin. 2,3-Dihydroxybromopropane will undergohydrolysis via the intermediate 1-hydroxy-2,3-propylene oxide which further reacts withwater to give glycerol. If the nucleophilic attack occurs at the carbon-bromine bond, 2-bromo-3-chloropropanol is formed which further reacts forming the end product glycerol(Kollig, 1993). If hydrolysis of 1,2-dibromo-2-chloropropane occurs under basic conditions,the compound will undergo dehydrohalogenation to form 2-bromo-3-chloropropeneand 2,3-dibromo-1-propene as intermediates. Both compounds are subject to further attackforming 2-bromo-3-hydroxypropene as the end product (Burlinson et al., 1982; Kollig,1993). The hydrolysis half-life at pH 7 and 25°C was calculated to be 38 years (Burlinsonet al., 1982; Ellington et al., 1986). Emits toxic chloride and bromide fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). |
| storage | Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with DBCPyou should be trained on its proper handling and storage.Store in a refrigerator. Protect from alkalis and reactivemetals. Protection from light is recommended for long-termstorage. Where possible, automatically pump liquid fromdrums or other storage containers to process containers. Aregulated, marked area should be established where thischemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance withOSHA Standard 1910.1045. |
| Shipping | DBCP requires a “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS” label. It falls in Hazard Class 6.1 and Packing Group III. |
| Toxicity evaluation | DBCP in soil can volatilize from near-surface soil. Based onestimated Koc values of 149 in Lincoln fine sand and 128 in anunspecified soil, DBCP will be highly mobile in soil and has thecapacity to leach into groundwater. It is estimated that thevolatilization half-life for this chemical will vary between 0.6days in dry soil with low soil organic content and 26.2 days ina wet soil containing high values of soil organic content. It isimportant to notice that fields treated with DBCP will presenta significant retardation in the volatilization loss from the soilif plastic coverings are used. DBCP will exist primarily in the vapor phase in theambient atmosphere. It is expected that very small amounts ofthis chemical will be present in the particulate phase, and thiscould explain the fact that dry deposition to the earth’s surfacewill not result in a significant removal process. DBCP presentshigh water solubility, and then small amounts present in the aircan be removed by wet deposition. If found in water, DBCP will volatilize quite rapidly to theatmosphere; the estimated volatilization half-life from a pondis 8 days. Using again the estimated Koc values of 128–149, thischemical is not expected to adsorb significantly to sedimentand suspended organic matter. Based on an estimated bioconcentrationfactor (BCF) of 11.2, it is not expected to bioconcentratein fish and other aquatic organisms. There is nosufficient data to indicate that DBCP could be a potential risk interms of biomagnifications in different aquatic or terrestrialfood chains. However, some biodegradation of DBCP ingroundwater might ensue under anaerobic conditions. |
| Incompatibilities | Reacts with oxidizers and chemicallyactive metals (i.e., aluminum, magnesium, and tin alloys).Attacks some rubber materials and coatings. Corrosive tometals. |
| Toxics Screening Level | The initial risk screening level (IRSL) for 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (dibromochoropropane;DBCP) is 1x10 -4 μg/m3, and the secondary risk screening level (SRSL) is 1x10 -3 μg/m3. The current initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) is0.2 μg/m3 based on a 24-hour averaging time. |
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Allyl chloride-->Propane, 2-bromo-1-chloro-3-fluoro--->1-Bromo-3-chloro-2-fluoro propane-->HCFC-262ea-->Catechylphosphorus Tribromide-->Epichlorohydrin |
| Preparation Products | 2-BROMO-3-CHLORO-1-PROPENE |
