Alitame CAS 80863-62-3
Introduction：Basic information about Alitame CAS 80863-62-3, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Alitame Basic information
| Product Name: | Alitame |
| Synonyms: | (3s)-3-amino-4-oxo-4-[[(2r)-1-oxo-1-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthietan-3-yl)amino]propan-2-yl]amino]butanoic acid;(S)-3-amino-4-(((R)-1-amino-1-oxopropan-2-yl)(2,2,4,4-tetramethylthietan-3-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid;(S)-3-Amino-4-oxo-4-(((R)-1-oxo-1-((2,2,4,4-tetramethylthietan-3-yl)amino)propan-2-yl)amino)bu;(S)-3-((R)-1-(2,2,4,4-TETRAMETHYLTHIETAN-3-YLCARBAMOYL)ETHYLCARBAMOYL)-3-AMINOPROPANOIC ACID;l-alpha-aspartyl-n-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-d-alaninamide;l-α-aspartyl-N-(2，2，4，4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-D-alaninamide;CP 54802;(S)-3-AMino-4-oxo-4-(((R)-1-oxo-1-((2,2,4,4-tetraMethylthietan-3-yl)aMino)propan-2-yl)aMino)butanoic acid |
| CAS: | 80863-62-3 |
| MF: | C14H25N3O4S |
| MW: | 331.43 |
| EINECS: | 1312995-182-4 |
| Product Categories: | Amino Acids & Derivatives;Heterocycles;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals |
| Mol File: | 80863-62-3.mol |
Alitame Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 136-147° |
| alpha | D25 +40 to +50° (c = 1 in water) |
| Boiling point | 608.5±55.0 °C(Predicted) |
| density | 1.25±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
| solubility | Methanol (Slightly) |
| pka | 3.71±0.10(Predicted) |
| form | Solid |
| color | White to Off-White |
| Odor | odorless |
| Odor Type | odorless |
| InChI | InChI=1/C14H25N3O4S/c1-7(16-11(21)8(15)6-9(18)19)10(20)17-12-13(2,3)22-14(12,4)5/h7-8,12H,6,15H2,1-5H3,(H,16,21)(H,17,20)(H,18,19)/t7-,8+/s3 |
| InChIKey | IVBOUFAWPCPFTQ-WWXSATIUNA-N |
| SMILES | N(C1C(C)(C)SC1(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(=O)O |&1:11,16,r| |
| LogP | 1.508 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 80863-62-3 |
Safety Information
| HS Code | 29400090 |
| Chemical Properties | White Solid |
| Chemical Properties | Alitame is a white nonhygroscopic crystalline powder; odorless orhaving a slight characteristic odor. |
| Physical properties | Alitame [L-a-aspartyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-D-alaninamide] is a sweetener based on an amino acid. It is a very intense sweetener, possessing a sweetening power of about 2000 times that of sucrose. It also exhibits a clean sweet taste similar to sucrose. Although it is metabolized, so little is needed that its caloric contribution is insignificant. Alitame is prepared from the amino acids, L-aspartic acid, D-alamine, and a novel amine. |
| Characteristics | Alitame is an amino acidbased sweetener developed by Pfizer Central Research from l-aspartic acid, d-alanine, and 2,2,4,4-tetraethylthioethanyl amine. A terminal amide group instead of the methyl ester constituent of ASP was used to improve the hydrolytic stability. The incorporation of d-alanine as a second amino acid in place of l-phenylalanine has resulted in optimum sweetness. The increased steric and lipophilic bulk on a small ring with a sulfur derivative has provided a very sweet product and good taste qualities. Alitame offers several benefits such as stability at high temperatures and a broader pH range. For instance, it is stable for over a year at pH 6–8 and room temperature and withstands pasteurization. However, prolonged storage of acidic solutions at high temperatures or in combination with certain ingredients (hydrogen peroxide or sodium bisulfite) may produce off-flavors. In the presence of high levels of reducing sugars, alitame can undergo Maillard reactions. |
| History | Alitame, L-α-aspartyl-D-alanine N-(2,2,4,4-tetra methylthietan-3-yl)amide (5), was developed by Pfizer, but is owned by Danisco now. In 1986, Pfizer filed a food additive petition with the FDA. As of 2006, it was still pending. Alitame was approved for use as a sweetener by Australia in 1993, by China, Mexico, and New Zealand in 1994, by Indonesia in 1995, and by Colombia in 1996. |
| Uses | Alitame [L-a-aspartyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-D-alaninamide]is a sweetener based on an amino acid. It is a very intense sweetener,possessing a sweetening power of about 2000 times that of sucrose. Italso exhibits a clean sweet taste similar to sucrose. Although it is metabolized,so little is needed that its caloric contribution is insignificant.Alitame is prepared from the amino acids, L-aspartic acid, D-alamine,and a novel amine. |
| Uses | Non-nutritive sweetener. |
| Uses | Alitame is a dipeptide amide derivative of aspartic acid used as an artificial sweetener. Alitame is about ten times sweeter than Aspartame (A790015) with a half life about twice as long. |
| Production Methods | Alitame may be synthesized by a number of routes.For example,3-(D-alaninamido)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylthietane is dissolved in waterand L-aspartic acid N-thiocarboxyanhydride is then added inportions with vigorous stirring, maintaining the pH of 8.5–9.5.The pH is then adjusted to 5.5 and p-toluenesulfonic acidmonohydrate is added over a period of one hour. The precipitatedcrystalline p-toluenesulfonate salt is collected by filtration. Toobtain alitame from its salt, a mixture of Amberlite LA-1 (liquidanion exchange resin), dichloromethane, deionized water, and thesalt is stirred for one hour, resulting in two clear layers. The aqueouslayer is treated with carbon, clarified by filtration, and cooled tocrystallize alitame. Alternatively, tetramethylthietane amine is condensed with anNprotectedform of D-alanine to give alanyl amide. This is thencoupled to a protected analogue of L-aspartic acid to give a crudeform of alitame. The crude product is then purified. |
| Definition | ChEBI: Alitame is a dipeptide. |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Alitame is an intense sweetening agent developed in the early 1980sand is approximately 2000 times sweeter than sucrose. It has aninsignificant energy contribution of 6 kJ (1.4 kcal) per gram ofalitame. Alitame is currently primarily used in a wide range of foods andbeverages at a maximum level of 40–300 mg/kg. |
| Safety Profile | The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) concluded that alitame was not carcinogenic and did not show reproductive toxicity. In 1996, an ADI of 0–1 mg/kg of body weight was allocated. It is approved for use in Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, and China. A food additive petition was submitted to the FDA in 1986, and approval is awaited. In the petition, the estimated daily intake is 0.34 mg/kg of body weight, which represents the amount if alitame is the only sweetener in the diet. The level at which no observed adverse effects occur in animals is 100 mg/ kg. Potential uses include baked goods, baking mixes, hot and cold beverages, dry beverage mixes, tabletop sweeteners, chewing gum, candies, frozen desserts, and pharmaceuticals. Alitame has been approved for use in some countries such as Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, and China, but not in the United States or the EU. |
| Safety | Alitame is a relatively new intense sweetening agent used primarilyin foods and confectionary. It is generally regarded as a relativelynontoxic and nonirritant material. Chronic animal studies in mice, rats, and dogs carried out for aminimum of 18 months at concentrations >100 mg/kg per dayexhibited no toxic or carcinogenic effects. In people, no evidence ofuntoward effects were observed following ingestion of 15 mg/kg perday for two weeks. Following oral administration 7–22% of alitame is unabsorbedand excreted in the feces. The remaining amount is hydrolyzed toaspartic acid and alanine amide. The aspartic acid is metabolizednormally and the alanine amide excreted in the urine as a sulfoxideisomer, as the sulfone, or conjugated with glucuronic acid. The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake of alitame at up to0.1 mg/kg body-weight. LD50 (mouse, oral): >5 g/kg LD50 (rabbit, skin): >2 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): >5 g/kg |
| Metabolism | Alitame is noncariogenic. From an oral intake, 7%–22% is unabsorbed and excreted in the feces. The remainder is hydrolyzed to aspartic acid and alanine amide. The aspartic acid is normally metabolized, and the alanine amide is excreted in the urine as a sulfoxide isomer, sulfone, or conjugated with glucuronic acid. The incomplete absorption and metabolism result in a core value of 1.4 kcal g?1. |
| storage | Alitame is stable in dry, room temperature conditions but undergoesdegradation at elevated temperatures or when in solution at lowpH. Alitame can degrade in a one-stage process to aspartic acid andalanine amide (under harsh conditions) or in a slow two-stageprocess by first degrading to its β-aspartic isomer and then toaspartic acid and alanine amide. At pH 5–8, alitame solutions at238℃ have a half-life of approximately 4 years. At pH 2 and 238℃the half-life is 1 year. Alitame should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dryplace. |
| Incompatibilities | Alitame may be incompatible with oxidizing and reducingsubstances or strong acids and bases. |
| Regulatory Status | Alitame is approved for use in food applications in a number ofcountries worldwide including Australia, Chile, China, Mexico, andNew Zealand. |
Alitame Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | D-Alanine-->L-ASPARTIC ACID |
