Busulfan CAS 55-98-1
Introduction：Basic information about Busulfan CAS 55-98-1, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Busulfan Basic information
| Product Name: | Busulfan |
| Synonyms: | BUSULFAN;tetramethylene bis(methanesulfonate);myleran;busulfex;busulphan;1,4-dimethanesulfonoxybutane;1，4-Bis(methyl sulfonoxy)butane;1,4-BUTANEDIOL DIMETHANESULFONATE |
| CAS: | 55-98-1 |
| MF: | C6H14O6S2 |
| MW: | 246.3 |
| EINECS: | 200-250-2 |
| Product Categories: | MYLERAN;Antitumors for Research and Experimental Use;Biochemistry;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Sulfur & Selenium Compounds;55-98-1 |
| Mol File: | 55-98-1.mol |
Busulfan Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 114-117 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point | 359.3°C (rough estimate) |
| density | 1.305 (estimate) |
| refractive index | 1.5630 (estimate) |
| Fp | 9℃ |
| storage temp. | Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature |
| solubility | Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in acetone and in acetonitrile, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). |
| form | Crystalline Powder |
| color | Pale Brown |
| Water Solubility | Decomposes |
| Merck | 14,1505 |
| BRN | 1791786 |
| Stability: | Moisture Sensitive |
| Major Application | forensics and toxicology veterinary |
| InChI | 1S/C6H14O6S2/c1-13(7,8)11-5-3-4-6-12-14(2,9)10/h3-6H2,1-2H3 |
| InChIKey | COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 55-98-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 1 (Vol. 4, Sup 7, 100A) 2012 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Busulfan (55-98-1) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | T+,T,F |
| Risk Statements | 45-26/27/28-63-46-36/37/38-23/24/25-39/23/24/25-11 |
| Safety Statements | 53-36/37/39-45-28A-36/37-16-7 |
| RIDADR | UN 2811 6.1/PG 1 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | EK1750000 |
| HazardClass | 6.1(b) |
| PackingGroup | III |
| HS Code | 29053990 |
| Storage Class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 3 Oral Carc. 1A Muta. 1B Repr. 1B |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 55-98-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 i.v. in rats: 1.8 mg/kg (Scherf) |
| Description | Chemically, busulfan is classified as an alkyl sulfonate. One or both of the methylsulfonate ester moieties can be displaced by the nucleophilic N7 of guanine, leading to monoalkylated and cross-linked DNA. The extent of alkyl sulfonate–mediated DNA interstrand cross-linking has been shown to vary with the length of the alkyl chain between sulfonate esters, with the tetramethylene-containing busulfan showing less interstrand cross-linking capability than hexamethylene, methylene, or octamethylene analogues. Intrastrand cross-linking also occurs, preferentially at 5′-GA-3′ but also at 5′-GG-3′ sequences. Alkylation of Cys sulfhydryl groups is yet another mechanism of cytotoxicity. |
| Chemical Properties | White Crystalline Solid |
| Originator | Myleran,Burroughs-Wellcome,US,1954 |
| Uses | Alkylating agent with antileukemic activity. Antineoplastic |
| Uses | Antineoplastic alkylating agent, the palliativetreatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, and insectsterilant. |
| Uses | Busulfan USP (Myleran) is used to treat Chronic granulocytic leukemia; other myeloproliferative disorders. |
| Indications | Busulfan (Myleran) is a bifunctional methanesulfonicester that forms intrastrand cross-linkages with DNA.The drug is well absorbed after oral administration andhas a plasma half-life of less than 5 minutes. Metabolitesand degradation products are excreted primarily in theurine. Busulfan is used in the palliative treatment ofchronic granulocytic leukemia. Daily oral therapy resultsin decreased peripheral white blood cells and improvedsymptoms in almost all patients during thechronic phase of the disease. Excessive uric acid productionfrom rapid tumor cell lysis should be preventedby coadministration of allopurinol. At usual therapeutic dosages, busulfan is selectivelytoxic to granulocyte precursors rather than lymphocytes.Thrombocytopenia and anemia and less commonly,nausea, alopecia, mucositis, and sterility also mayoccur. Unusual side effects of busulfan include gynecomastia,a general increase in skin pigmentation, and interstitialpulmonary fibrosis. |
| Definition | ChEBI: A methanesulfonate ester that is butane-1,4-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups. An alkylating antineoplastic agent, it is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (although it has been largelyreplaced by newer drugs). It is also used as an insect sterilant. |
| Manufacturing Process | 3.6 grams of redistilled 1,4-butanediol were dissolved in 10 ml of pyridine andthe solution was cooled in ice and water. 9.6 grams of redistilled methanesulfonyl-chloride were added dropwise at such a rate that the temperature didnot rise above 20°C. The solution was then allowed to stand at roomtemperature to; 30 minutes, during which time the temperature rose to 60°C.A thick precipitate of pyridine hydrochloride was formed. The mass was cooled in ice water and was treated with 30 ml of ice coldwater. On agitation, a white crystalline precipitate was formed. This wasfiltered off and washed well with ice cold water and allowed to drain on thepump. It weighed 7.8 grams and had a melting point of 100°C. 3.5 grams ofthe material were recrystallized from acetone and ether to give small whiteneedles, having a melting point of 106°-107°C, unchanged by furtherrecrystallization. |
| Brand name | Myleran (GlaxoSmithKline). |
| Therapeutic Function | Antineoplastic |
| General Description | White crystals or powder. |
| General Description | As an alternative to utilizing aziridines as electrophilic species,it was found that simply utilizing a carbon chain terminated atboth ends by leaving groups gave compounds capable of actingas cross-linking agents.Busulfan utilizestwo sulfonate functionalities as leaving groups separated by afour-carbon chain that reacts with DNA to primarily form intrastrandcross-link at 5'-GA-3' sequences.The sulfonatesare also subject to displacement by the sulfhydryl functionsfound in cysteine and glutathione, and metabolic products areformed as a result of nucleophilic attack by these groups togenerate sulfonium species along with methane sulfonicacid.This is followed by conversion to tetrahydrothiophene,and further oxidation products are subsequently produced togive the sulfoxide and sulfone. The cyclic sulfone known assulfolane may be further oxidized to give 3-hydroxysulfolane. |
| General Description | Busulfan is available as 2-mg tablets for oral administrationand 10-mL vials for IV administration in the treatment ofchronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and in high-dosetherapy for refractory leukemia with bone marrow transplant.The agent is well absorbed when given orally, well distributedinto tissues, and crosses the blood-brain barrier.Metabolism occurs in the liver to give mainly methane sulfonic acid by the action of glutathione-S-transferase. Other identified metabolites in humanshave included tetrahydrothiophene-1-oxide, sulfalene,primarily in the urine, and the terminal elimination half-lifeis 2.5 hours. Adverse effects include dose-limiting myelosuppression;nausea and vomiting that occur commonly butare generally mild; and pulmonary symptoms including interstitialpulmonary fibrosis, which is referred to as “busulfanlung,” occurs belatedly (1–10 years posttreatment) andalthough rare, it is severe. Other adverse effects includemucositis, skin rash, impotence, amenorrhea, infertility, hepatoxicity,insomnia, anxiety, and an increased risk of secondarymalignancies. At normal doses, the agent is welltolerated except for the myelosuppression that occurs. Thishas allowed for high-dose therapy with the agent when accompaniedby bone marrow transplant to counter the myelosuppressiveeffects. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Busulfan is an alkylating agent which hydrolyzes in water. . |
| Reactivity Profile | Busulfan is an alkylating agent which hydrolyzes in water. . Strong reducers may yield hydrogen sulfide. |
| Hazard | Extremely toxic, carcinogen, clastogenic,teratogenic, immunosuppressive, delayed bonemarrow aplasia, cataracts, pigmentation, pulmonarythrombosis, cardiotoxic effects, thrombocytopenia. |
| Fire Hazard | Flash point data for Busulfan are not available. Busulfan is probably combustible. |
| Clinical Use | Busulfan is used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and can be administered either orally or by IV infusion. |
| Side effects | Serious bone marrow hypoplasia and myelosuppression are possible with this agent, and recovery from busulfaninduced pancytopenia can take up to 2 years. |
| Safety Profile | Confirmed carcinogen producing leukemia, kidney, and uterine tumors. Experimental neoplastigenic and tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and possibly other routes. Ingestion by pregnant women can cause cancer of the reproductive system of the fetus includtng the uterus. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion and possibly other routes include developmental abnormaltties of the eye, ear, craniofacial area including the nose and tongue, gastrointestinal system, endocrine system, urogenital system, and other unspecified areas. Other human reproductive effects by ingestion and possibly other routes include: impotence, changes in the uterus, cervix, and vagina, and menstrual-cycle dtsorders. Experimental reproductive effects. Human systemic effects by ingestion: general arteriolar or venous ddation of the eye, changes in structure or function of salivary glands. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx. See also SULFONATES. |
| Synthesis | Busulfan, 1,4-butandioldimethansulfonate (30.2.3.1), is made by reactingbutandiol with methanesulfonyl chloride. |
| Potential Exposure | Those involved in the manufacture,formulation, or use of this compound which finds application as an insect sterilant, and as a chemotherapeutic agenttaken orally to treat some kinds of leukemia. |
| Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Busulfan may be useful in the adjunctive therapy of chronic granulocyticleukemias or polycythemia vera in small animals. Not commonlyused in veterinary medicine. |
| Drug interactions | Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Antibacterials: concentration increased by metronidazole. Antipsychotics: avoid with clozapine, increased risk of agranulocytosis. Antifungals: metabolism inhibited by itraconazole, monitor for signs of busulfan toxicity. |
| First aid | If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately with wateror normal saline for 20 30 min, occasionally lifting upperand lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If thischemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothingand wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medicalattention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled,remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemicalhas been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. |
| Carcinogenicity | 1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies inhumans. |
| Metabolism | Busulfan is extensively metabolised in the liver, mainly by conjugation with glutathione, either spontaneously or mediated by the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. About 12 inactive metabolites have been identified, which are excreted in the urine. About 1% of busulfan is excreted unchanged. Elimination in the faeces is considered to be negligible. |
| storage | Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Store in a refrigerator and protect from exposure to oxidizers or moisture. A regulated,marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHAStandard 1910.1045. |
| Shipping | The label requirement for medicine, solid, toxic,n.o.s. is “POISONOUS/TOXIC MATERIALS.” Medicine,solid, toxic, n.o.s., fall in Hazard Class 6.1 and busulfanfalls in Packing Group II. |
| Incompatibilities | Oxidizers, moist air, and water. |
| references | [1]. probin v, wang y, zhou d. busulfan-induced senescence is dependent on ros production upstream of the mapk pathway. free radic biol med, 2007, 42(12): 1858-1865. [2]. probin v, wang y, bai a, et al. busulfan selectively induces cellular senescence but not apoptosis in wi38 fibroblasts via a p53-independent but extracellular signal-regulated kinase-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. j pharmacol exp ther, 2006, 319(2): 551-560. [3]. choi yj, ok dw, kwon dn, et al. murine male germ cell apoptosis induced by busulfan treatment correlates with loss of c-kit-expression in a fas/fasl- and p53-independent manner. febs lett, 2004, 575(1-3): 41-51. |
Busulfan Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Methanesulfonyl chloride-->1,4-Butanediol-->Methanesulfonamide-->Triethylamine-->Dichloromethane |
