| Description | Ferbam is a combustible, odorless dark brownto black powder or granular solid. Molecularweight = 416.51; Freezing/Melting point = .180 C(decomposes). Hazard Identification (based on NFPA-704M Rating System): Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0.Practically insoluble in water; solubility = 0.01%. |
| Chemical Properties | odourless black solid |
| Chemical Properties | Ferbam is a combustible, odorless darkbrown to black powder or granular solid |
| Uses | Nonphytotoxic fungicide used to control scab on fruits and other crops. |
| Uses | Ferbam is a protective fungicide applied to foliage to control scabon pome fruit, peach leaf curl, blue mould on tobacco and other diseaseson many other crops. It is often used in combinations with other dithiocarbamatesto extend the spectrum of activity. |
| Uses | Fruit fungicide. |
| Definition | A wettable powder containing 76% ferbam. |
| General Description | Ferbam is a carbamate fungicide. It is a stable, black powder and combustible and gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Ferbam is incompatible with strong oxidants. It is used for foliar protectant against scab, rust, mould, and many fungal diseases on fruits, vegetables, melons, and ornamentals. Also, it works as a repellent towards Japanese beetles. The major uses of ferbam are in the control of apple scab and cedar apple rust, peach leaf curl, tobacco blue mould, and cranberry diseases. Ferbam is a broad-spectrum registered fungicide for the control of certain diseases in fruit trees, small fruit and berry crops, potatoes, ornamentals, conifers, and tobacco and for use on citrus, pome, stone fruits, and cranberries. Major areas of use include Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and other countries. Ferbam is used as water-dispersible granule, 76WG. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids. |
| Reactivity Profile | FERBAM is a dithiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides. |
| Hazard | Irritant to eyes and mucous membranes.Questionable carcinogen. |
| Health Hazard | Ferbam is an irritant of the eyesand respiratory tract; in animals it causescentral nervous system depression, and it isexpected that severe exposure will cause thesame effect in humans. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Not classified |
| Agricultural Uses | Fungicide: Registered for use in the U.S. and Canada. Not approvedfor use in EU countries. A dimethyl-dithiocarbamate fungicide. It is widely used, together with other fungicides, tocontrol Postbloom Fruit Drop (PFD) on citrus crops, and asa foliar protectant against scab, rust, mold and many fungusdisease on fruits, vegetables, melons and ornamentals. It isregistered in several states for use on currents and gooseberries to control leaf spot disease, and on apple, crabapple, hawthorn and quince to control cedar-apple rust disease. It is usedto control rust disease on shrubs and ornamentals. |
| Trade name | AI3-14689®; AAFERTIS®; APPLE DUSTNo. 1®[C]; BERCEMA FERTAM 50®; CASWELL No.458®; FERBAM 50®; FERBECK®; FERMATE FERBAMFUNGICIDE®[C]; FERMOCIDE®; FERRADOUR®;FERRADOW®; FUKLASIN ULTRA®; HEXAFERB®;HOKMATE®; KARBAM BLACK®; KARBAMCARBAMATE®; KNOCKMATE®; NIACIDE®;STAUFFER FERBAM®; SUP’R-FLO FERBAMFLOWABLE®; TRICARBAMIX®[C]; TRIFUNGOL®;VANCIDE FE95®[C] |
| Safety Profile | Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. A fungicide. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. See also CARBAiMATES. |
| Potential Exposure | A dithiocarbamate. A potential dangerto those involved in the production, formulation and application of this dithiocarbamate; used as a fungicide, rubberaccelerator, and plastics prodegradant. Some dithiocarbamates have been used as rubber components |
| First aid | If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. |
| Environmental Fate | Plant. Decomposes in plants to ethylene thiourea, ethylene thiuram monosul?de, ethylene thiuram disul?de and sulfur (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in acidic media releasing carbon disul?de. Decomposes in water forming ethylene thiourea (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
Decomposes >180°C (Windholz et al., 1983) emitting toxic fumes of nitrogen and sulfur oxides (Lewis, 1990; Sax and Lewis, 1987). |
| Metabolic pathway | Ferbam generates dimethyldithiocarbamic acid by being cleaved in acidicconditions and in biological media. The acid is conjugated with glucoseand alanine in plants and with glucuronic acid in mammals. Dimethyldithiocarbamicacid is further degraded to dimethylamine and CS2. Anextensive review of the properties of the dithiocarbamate pesticides waspublished by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 1988) from whichmuch of the following information is taken. |
| storage | Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with thischemical you should be trained on its proper handling andstorage. Ferbam is incompatible with strong oxidizers (suchas chlorine, bromine, and fluorine). Store in tightly closedcontainers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers, strong bases and from heat and moisture. Ferbam candecompose upon long-term storage. |
| Shipping | UN2771 Dithiocarbamate and Thiocarbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonousmaterials. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required |
| Degradation | Ferbam is hydrolysed in acidic media forming dimethyldithiocarbamicacid (2) that in turn decomposes to liberate carbon disulfide (PM) (seeScheme 1). |
| Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Heat alkalies (lime); moisture can cause decomposition. Decomposes on prolongedstorage. Dithiocarbamate esters are combustible. They reactviolently with powerful oxidizers such as calcium hypochlorite. Poisonous gases are generated by the thermal decomposition of Dithiocarbamate compounds, including carbondisulfide, oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and methylamine. Thio and dithiocarbamatesslowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositionsare accelerated by acids. Flammable gases are generated bythe combination of dithiocarbamate with aldehydes, nitrides,and hydrides. Dithiocarbamate are incompatible with acids,peroxides, and acid halides. |
| Waste Disposal | Ferbam is hydrolyzed byalkali and is unstable to moisture, lime and heat. Ferbamcan be incinerated. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides andpesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local orfederal environmental control agency, or by contactingyour regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal |
