KAOLIN CAS 1332-58-7
Introduction：Basic information about KAOLIN CAS 1332-58-7, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
KAOLIN Basic informationOverview Structure and physical properties Availability, mining and processing Kaolin added to diet fed to farm animals References
| Product Name: | KAOLIN |
| Synonyms: | Anhydrol;Argilla;Bilt-cote;Bilt-plates;Buca;Catalpo;Chinaclaypowder;PAR CLAY |
| CAS: | 1332-58-7 |
| MF: | H2Al2O8Si2.H2O |
| MW: | 258.16 |
| EINECS: | 310-194-1 |
| Product Categories: | Cosmetic Ingredients & Chemicals;UVCBs-inorganic;metal silicate |
| Mol File: | 1332-58-7.mol |
KAOLIN Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 1750 °C |
| density | 2,6 g/cm3 |
| bulk density | 470kg/m3 |
| refractive index | 1.6200 |
| storage temp. | no restrictions. |
| solubility | Practically insoluble in diethyl ether, ethanol (95%),water, other organic solvents, cold dilute acids, and solutions ofalkali hydroxides. |
| form | Powder |
| color | 75-96, Hunter Brightness |
| PH | 6-7 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry) |
| Water Solubility | insoluble H2O, dilute acids and alkali hydroxides [HAW93] |
| Dielectric constant | 1.8 - 2.8（0.0℃） |
| Stability: | Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents. |
| Major Application | pharmaceutical (small molecule) |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | ANTICAKING ABSORBENT ANTI-SEBUM BULKING OPACIFYING VISCOSITY CONTROLLING COLORANT ABRASIVE BINDING SKIN CONDITIONING |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) | KAOLIN (1332-58-7) |
| InChI | InChI=1S/2Al.O5Si2.2H2O.2O/c;;1-6(2)5-7(3)4;;;;/h;;;2*1H2;;/q2*+1;-2;;;; |
| InChIKey | NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Si](=O)(O[Al]=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O.O.O |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Kaolin (1332-58-7) |
Safety Information
| Safety Statements | 22-24/25 |
| OEB | B |
| OEL | TWA: 10 mg/m3 (total) |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | GF1670500 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 25070090 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 1332-58-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Overview | Kaolin is a significant industrial clay that mainly contains a hydrated aluminum silicate mineral named as kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4)[1, 2]. Other kaolinminerals include dickite, nacrite, and halloysite. Pure forms of these minerals are not as ubiquitous as kaolinite, and are usually found along with kaolinite in hydrothermal deposits[1]. Kaolin may form in residual or sedimentary modes. In the former type, kaolinite is created by in-situ weathering or hydrothermal alteration of aluminosilicate parent rocks like granite; though, in the latter, the mineral is produced by the deposition of kaolinite formed elsewhere[2, 3]. Unique mineralogy, morphology, chemical and physical specifications of kaolin make it a versatile raw material appropriate for many different applications [1, 4], such as ceramic, paper coating and fillers, pigment extender in water-based interior latex paints and oil-based exterior industrial primer. In addition, kaolin is applied in non-black rubber, medicines and pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, crayons, fertilizers, detergents, pesticides, white cement, ink, catalysts, and many other products[1, 3, 4]. These properties are greatly affected by the mode of clay formation which controls the kaolin quality through varying the kaolinite and impurity contents. For instance, kaolinite content of the residual and sedimentary kaolins differs from 20% to 60%, respectively[3]. High quality kaolins are also low in iron-bearing minerals. The existence of iron oxides in kaolin adversely affects the clay color, and reduces its brightness and refractoriness [4, 5]. These cause a dramatic decrease in its commercial price[6]. Even an amount of 0.4% of oxides, hydroxides and hydrated oxides of ferric iron may be enough to impart a red to yellow pigmentation to clay deposits. These iron oxide/hydroxides may be hematite (red), maghemite (reddish brown), goethite (brownish yellow), lepidocrocite (orange), ferrihydrate (brownish red), etc.[7] Similarly, iron ores such as hematite may contain clays like kaolin as contamination which cause problems in the operation of blast furnaces. Therefore, the first beneficiation step to make these raw materials commercially valuable is to effectively eliminate iron oxides from kaolinite clays and vice versa. |
| Structure and physical properties | Kaolin is a plastic raw material, particularly consisting of the clay mineral kaolinite. The chemical formula is Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O (39.5% Al2O3, 46.5% SiO2, 14.0% H2O). In systemic mineralogy, kaolinite ranks among phyllosilicates, which are stratified clay minerals formed by a net of tetrahedral and octahedral layers. Phyllosilicates are classified into the main groups according to the type of the layers, interlayer content, charge of the layers and chemical formulas. Besides kaolinite groups, serpentine, halloysite, pyrofylite, mica, and montmorillonite groups also rank among phyllosilicates. Group of kaolinites includes di-octahedral minerals (1:1) with two layers, one silica[SiO4] tetrahedral layer and one aluminium[Al2(OH)4] octahedral layer. The layers are bonded together by sharing oxygen anion between Al and Si. Together, these two layers are called platelets[8, 9]. The 1:1 platelets of kaolinite are held together strongly via hydrogen bonding between the OH of the octahedral layer and the O of the tetrahedral layer. Due to this strong attraction, these platelets do not expand when hydrated and kaolinite only has external surface area. Also, kaolinite has very little isomorphic substitution of Al for Si in the tetrahedral layer. Accordingly, it has a low cation exchange capacity. Kaolinite easily adsorbs water and forms a plastic, paste-like substance[8, 9]. |
| Availability, mining and processing | Kaolin is formed under acidic conditions through weathering or hydrothermal changes of feldspars, and – to a lower extent – also other aluminosilicates. It can form independent weathered kaolin deposits, kaolinite clays or may be a compound of kaolinite sandstones and oolitic ironstones, and less frequently also of pegmatites and hydrothermal deposits. The most significant kaolin deposits were formed through intensive weathering of rocks rich in feldspar (granite, arkose, certain types of ortho-gneisses, and migmatites). Millions of years ago, original material was decomposed by weathering, giving rise to kaolin and silica combined with higher or lower amounts of admixtures. Mechanical erosion formed the rock under the tropical climate of that era and at increased temperatures, chemical corrosion occurred under the activity of water saturated with CO2 and humic acids which eluted from water[9, 10]. World renowned deposits in the Czech Republic are especially situated in the district of Karlovy Vary (Sedlec, Podlesi, and Otovice). Kaolin deposits in the area of Karlovy Vary are primary, i.e. kaolin remained in the place of its formation. Extracted raw material contains 20 to 30% kaolin; the remainder is silica sand which is an integral part of the raw material. Deeper deposits tend to be less kaolinized. Larger areas with kaolin material contents of 15 to 35% formed through weathering of arkoses are found in the vicinity of Horni Briza, Kaznejov, and Chotikov. Lower quality kaolin deposites are near Nova Role, Vidnava, Kadan, Podborany, Znojmo, and Veverska Bityska[9, 10]. Kaolin was obtained from extracted kaolinite or kaolinite-illitic gritstone or pudding-stone from the "mine U" in southern Moravia using the following procedure (unpublished data):
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| Kaolin added to diet fed to farm animals | Due to its adsorbent capability and lack of primary toxicity, kaolin is considered a simple and effective means to prevent or ameliorate the adverse effects exerted by many toxic agents, not only those from the environment, but also those from the living organisms. Kaolin based medication often combined with pectin is commonly used as a palliative for diarrhea and digestive problems in humans[11]. Kaolin, given to the animals in the diet, firmly and selectively binds compounds present in the diets which are noxious to the intestine and thus decreases their absorption through intestinal mucosa into the organism and subsequently prevents their toxic mode of action. A number of studies confirmed kaolin capability to decontaminate aflatoxins[12], plant metabolites (alkaloids, tannins), diarrhea causing enterotoxins[13], pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals[14] and poisons[15]. In contrast, vitamin B12 adsorption by kaolinite clays is very low[16]. Few studies have investigated the effects of kaolin-feeding on farm animals. Savory (1984)[17]investigated the effect of kaolin feeding on adult roosters. That author did not register any change in the live body weight gain when 100 and 200 g kaolin/kg of the diet was fed. Although in the initial phase of the experiment when animals ingested 300 g kaolin/kg of the diet their weight did not increase, and when the animals ingested 400 g kaolin/kg of the diet, the live body weight of the animals even decreased; the differences were gradually compensated, primarily by increased feed intakes. Although it was not possible to completely compensate the body weight differences by increased feed intake, compensation was reached by significant increase in digestibility of basal diet. That effect was observed in a group fed 100 g kaolin/kg of the diet within a couple of days when more than 200 and 300 g of kaolin per week and 400 g per three weeks, was consumed, respectively. Sakata (1986)[18] registered stimulation of the live weight gain in rats given kaolin combined with the diet (100 mg/g) with concurrent proportional increase in the weight of the tissues of some digestive organs. |
| References |
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| Description | Kaolin or china clay is a naturally occurring, almost white, hydrated aluminum silicate. This material does not exhibit a high degree of slip. Kaolin boasts good absorbency, is dense, and is sometimes used to reduce the bulk densities in loose powder products. It provides a matte surface effect, which can slightly reduce sheen left by some talc products. |
| Chemical Properties | off-white powder |
| Chemical Properties | Kaolin occurs as a white to grayish-white colored, unctuous powderfree from gritty particles. It has a characteristic earthy or clayliketaste, and when moistened with water it becomes darker in colorand develops a claylike odor. |
| Physical properties | Sericite is a mineral similar to white mica in shape and composition. It has a very fine grain size and a silky shine. This material is soft and smooth and has a slippery feel on the skin. Sericite may be coated with silicone and other treatments for enhanced water repellency and skin adhesion. |
| Occurrence | Kaolin is a naturally occurring clay that is treated for impurities. |
| Uses | Kaolin has been used:
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| Uses | Adsorbant. |
| Uses | kaolin (China clay) is a mixture of various aluminum silicates. It is often used in powders and masks given its absorbent, abrasive, bulking, and opacifying properties. This white, soft powder has good coverage and absorption abilities for both water and oil, making it an appropriate absorber of the oil and sweat secreted by the skin. It adheres well to the skin’s surface, yet is easily removed with normal cleansing procedures. Kaolin is considered a non-comedogenic raw material. |
| Indications | Kaolin is a naturally occurring hydratedaluminum silicate that is prepared for medicinaluse as a very finely divided powder. The rationale behindits use in acute nonspecific diarrhea stems from itsability to adsorb some of the bacterial toxins that oftencause the condition. |
| Production Methods | Kaolin is a hydrated aluminum silicate obtained by mining naturallyoccurring mineral deposits. Large deposits are found in Georgia,USA and in Cornwall, England. Mined kaolin is powdered and freed of coarse, gritty particleseither by elutriation or by screening. Impurities such as ferric oxide,calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate are removed with anelectromagnet and by treatment with hydrochloric acid and/orsulfuric acids. |
| Definition | clay: A fine-grained deposit consistingchiefly of clay minerals. It ischaracteristically plastic and virtuallyimpermeable when wet and crackswhen it dries out. In geology the sizeof the constituent particles is usuallytaken to be less than 1/256 mm. Insoil science clay is regarded as a soilwith particles less than 0.002 mm insize. |
| Definition | A mixture of clays, quartz,and feldspar usually containing at least 25%alumina. Ball and china clays are ordinarily used.A slip or slurry is formed with water to form aplastic, moldable mass, which is then glazed andfired to a hard, smooth solid. |
| Preparation | The extraction of KAOLIN (china clay) from its deposits is usually performed in three steps: open-pit mining, mineral processing and beneficiation, and drying. Open-pit operations require the removal of ground overlying the clay (i.e., overburden). The exposed clay is then mined by a hydraulic mining process, that is, a high-pressure water jet from a water cannon called a monitor erodes the faces of the pit. This liberates from the quarry face the china clay, together with sand and mica. The slurry formed flows to the lowest part of the pit or sink, where it is pumped by centrifugal pumps to classifiers, where coarse silica sand is removed. The silica sand is later reused for landscape rehabilitation. The remaining suspension of clay is transported by underground pipeline to the mineral-processing and beneficiation plant, where a series of gravity separation techniques are used to remove particulate materials such as quartz, mica, and feldspars. Sometimes the purified clay slurry undergoes an additional chemical bleaching process that greatly improves its whiteness. The refined clay suspension is then filtrated, and the filtration cake with a moisture content of about 25 wt.% passes through a thermal drier fired by natural gas to yield a final product with 10 wt.% moisture. The end product is normally sold in pelletized form with a pellet size ranging from 6 to 12 mm. |
| Brand name | Vanclay (Vanderbilt);Biskapect;Chloropect;Collodyne;Diaguard forte;Diastat;Donnagel pg liquid;Donnagel-mb;Donnagel-pg;Enterosan;Fissan;Kaodinnon-narcotic;Kaolin w/pectin;Kaomagma with pectin;Kaomycin;Kaoneo;Kaopectate n;Kaoprompt-h;Kao-spen;Kapetolin;Kc;Kln;Medipect;Noventerol;Parepectolin;Pectrolyte;Peterpect;Streptomagma. |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | Kaolin, a hydrated aluminium silicate, is an absorbent and hasbeen used to treat diarrhoea because of its ability to bind and inactivate bacterialtoxins. However, it has been shown to induce only a slight change in stoolconsistency and there is no evidence that it can reduce the duration or the severityof diarrhoeal disease. It does not reduce fluid and electrolyte losses. It cannot berecommended in the treatment of diarrhoea. |
| General Description | Odorless white to yellowish or grayish powder. Contains mainly the clay mineral KAOLINite (Al2O3 SiO2)2 H2O)2), a hydrous aluminosilicate. KAOLINite has mp 740-1785°C and density: 2.65 g cm-3. KAOLINe is insoluble in water but darkens and develops a earthy odor when wet. |
| Reactivity Profile | KAOLIN is stable and chemically unreactive under ordinary conditions. |
| Hazard | Respirable fraction; questionable carcinogen. |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Kaolin is a naturally occurring mineral used in oral and topicalpharmaceutical formulations. In oral medicines, kaolin has been used as a diluent in tablet andcapsule formulations; it has also been used as a suspending vehicle.In topical preparations, sterilized kaolin has been used in poulticesand as a dusting powder. Therapeutically, kaolin has been used inoral antidiarrheal preparations. |
| Industrial uses | The name kaolin comes from the two Chinese words kao-ling, meaning high ridge, and was originally a local term used to describe the region from which the clay was obtained. Kaolin (Al2O32SiO22 H2O) usually contains less than 2% alkalies and smaller quantities of iron, lime, magnesia, and titanium. Because of its purity, kaolin has a high fusion point and is the most refractory of all clays. Lone kaolins are widely used in casting sanitaryware, ceramics, and refractories. Georgia china clay is one of the most uniform kaolins to be found. Generally speaking, there are two types of Georgia-sourced kaolin, both of which are widely used for casting and other processes. One type imparts unusually high strength and plasticity, and is used for both casting and jiggering where a high degree of workability is required. The other type typically is a fractionated, controlled particle size clay that also behaves well in casting, dries uniformly, and reduces cracking of ware. |
| Side effects | It is almost harmless and is effectivein many cases of diarrhea if taken in large enoughdoses (2–10 g initially, followed by the same amount afterevery bowel movement). The adsorbents are generallysafe, but they may interfere with the absorption ofsome drugs from the GI tract. |
| Safety | Kaolin is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations andis generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritantmaterial.Oral doses of about 2–6 g of kaolin every 4 hours have beenadministered in the treatment of diarrhea. |
| Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Although its efficacy is in question, kaolin/pectin is used primarilyin veterinary medicine as an oral anti-diarrheal agent. It has alsobeen used as an adsorbent agent following the ingestionof certaintoxins. Administration may be difficult due to the large volumesthat may be necessaryto give orally. |
| Source | Premier-quality deposits of kaolin such as those mined in Cornwall in the United Kingdom, Georgia and the Carolinas in the southe astern United States, and the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Other suppliers of quality kaolin include France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Malaysia, and Australia. |
| storage | Kaolin is a stable material. Since it is a naturally occurring material,kaolin is commonly contaminated with microorganisms such asBacillus anthracis, Clostridium tetani, and Clostridium welchii.However, kaolin may be sterilized by heating at a temperaturegreater than 160°C for not less than 1 hour. When moistened withwater, kaolin darkens and becomes plastic. Kaolin should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dryplace. |
| Incompatibilities | The adsorbent properties of kaolin may influence the absorption ofother orally administered drugs. Drugs reportedly affected bykaolin include amoxicillin; ampicillin;cimetidine; digoxin;lincomycin; phenytoin; and tetracycline. Warfarin absorption byrat intestine in vitro was reported not to be affected by kaolin.With clindamycin, the rate (but not the amount) of absorption wasaffected by kaolin. |
| Toxics Screening Level | The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for kaolin is 20 μg/m3 basedon an 8-hour averaging time. |
| Regulatory Status | Accepted in Europe as a food additive in certain applications.Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules,powders, syrups, and tablets; topical preparations). Included innonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. |
KAOLIN Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | alunite-->granite |
| Preparation Products | Triethylamine-->Diisopropylamine-->Aluminum sulfate-->Naphthalene-->Castor oil-->Isopropylamine-->Paraffin wax-->Butylamine-->Ethylamine-->Iopanoic acid-->Fast Scarlet RC Base-->INVERTASE-->Aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate-->latex paint-->Bromelain-->Glucose oxidase-->Petrolatum-->CITRATE SYNTHASE-->trysin-chymotrypsin-->adhesive for cigarette tips paper-->Anti-blocking agent for compound fertilizer-->semisynthetic molecular sieve catalytic cracking catalyst-->MOLECULAR SIEVES-->residual oil cracking catalyst CC-16-->residual oil cracking catalyst MLC-500-->CERAMIC FIBRES-->catalytic cracking catalyst LC-8-->LB-1 kaolinic FCC catalyst LB-1-->Bromelain-->Adhesive for paper tube |
