MYRISTICA OIL CAS 8008-45-5

Introduction：Basic information about MYRISTICA OIL CAS 8008-45-5, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.

MYRISTICA OIL Basic information

• Product Name: MYRISTICA OIL
• Synonyms: Absolutenutmeg;eastindiannutmegoil;FEMA 2793;Myristicaceae;MYRISTICA OIL;NUTMEG EAST INDIAN OIL;NUTMEG OIL;NUTMEG OIL, EAST-INDIAN TYPE
• CAS: 8008-45-5
• MW: 0
• EINECS: 616-900-7
• Mol File: Mol File

MYRISTICA OIL Chemical Properties

• Boiling point: 165 °C (lit.)
• density: 0.89 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• FEMA: 2793 | NUTMEG OIL
• refractive index: n20/D 1.481(lit.)
• Fp: 110 °F
• Odor: at 100.00 %. warm spicy balsam nutmeg
• Odor Type: spicy
• Optical Rotation: [α]20/D +10°, neat
• biological source: Myristica fragrans Houtt.
• Major Application: flavors and fragrances
• Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: FRAGRANCE SKIN CONDITIONING
• EPA Substance Registry System: Oils, nutmeg (8008-45-5)

Safety Information

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Risk Statements: 10-36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 16-26-36
• RIDADR: UN 1993 3/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 2
• RTECS: RJ3694800
• TSCA: TSCA listed
• Storage Class: 3 - Flammable liquids
• Hazard Classifications: Eye Irrit. 2 Flam. Liq. 3 Skin Irrit. 2 STOT SE 3
• Hazardous Substances Data: 8008-45-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
• Toxicity: LD50 orally in rats: 2620 mg/kg (Jenner)

MYRISTICA OIL Usage And Synthesis

Description

Evergreen tree 15 to 20 m (49 to 66 ft.) in height; grows in Java,Sumatra, Borneo, Penang, Moluccas, and in several other islandsof the Indian Ocean. It has alternate leaves and dioecious flowers.Consequently, only female trees bear nuts; male plants are interdispersedin the groves only to ensure pollination. The ripe fruitsare yellow-red with a fleshy pericarp; the red arillode is tightlywrapped around a woody hull containing the seed.
Note: Mace designates the dried arillodes of nutmeg. The ratio ofnutmegs to mace is approximately 10:1. Nutmeg and mace yielddifferent, but sometimes similar, products.
The parts used are the nuts (free of the outer pulp) and arillodes(decolorized with lime). The most commercially important qualitiesof nutmeg and mace follow:
? Banda nutmeg and Banda mace contain 8% and 13% essentialoil, respectively;
? Java nutmeg and Java mace contain 6.5% and 11% essentialoil, respectively; and
? Siauw nutmeg and Siauw mace contain 6.5% and 10 to 12%essential oil, respectively.
These qualities are further subdivided according to size-large,medium, and small-for extraction and according to appearance-whole, worm-eaten, etc.

Chemical Properties

The oil is obtained by steam distillation of dried comminuted nutmeg previously treated by hydraulic expression toremove fixed oils; yields are approximately 12%. The hot expression of nutmeg yields a fatty oil with a melting point of about 45°C.Two types of oils, the East Indian and West Indian, are commercially available. The oil exhibits a characteristic nutmeg odor.

Physical properties

Nutmeg essential oil is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid. It is soluble in alcohol.

Occurrence

Found in the fruit of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Fam. Myristicaceae) (Gildemeister & Hoffman, 1956; Guenther, 1952).

Uses

As a cooking spice, flavoring in food and beverages. Nutmeg oil as fragrance in soaps, detergents, creams, lotions, perfumes. Fixed oil in candles.

Uses

Ground nutmeg remains a popular spice in home kitchens,used to flavor holiday staples such as pumpkin pie and eggnog.The seed has a red, lacy covering that is dried to form mace,a spice with similar flavor to nutmeg but without toxicity. Theessential oil of nutmeg is extracted for commercial culinary use.The seed can also be crushed into a butter, which is used as anindustrial lubricant. There is no Food and Drug Administrationapproved medical use for nutmeg, although it is sometimesused as a herbal remedy for arthritis, diarrhea, flatulence, andgastrointestinal complaints. Nutmeg is abused for its hallucinogenicproperties, most commonly by adolescent males.

Definition

Extractives and their physically modified derivatives. Myristica fragrans, Myristicaceae.

Preparation

By steam distillation of the dried nutmeg (Guenther, 1952).

Essential oil composition

The oil contains α- and γ-pinene, camphene, dipentene, p-cymene, d-linalool, terpineol, geraniol, safrole,eugenol and isoeugenol.

Pharmacology

The principal pharmacologically active component of nutmeg, myristicin, causedataxia and disorientation in monkeys and enhanced morphine-induced rage in cats (Truitt et al1961). Doses of 400 mg on alternate days produced in normal volunteers some evidence of slighteuphoria, but none resembling the symptoms of excitation seen in acute nutmeg poisoning (Truittet al 1961).

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic byingestion. Low toxicity by skin contact. Anexperimental teratogen. Experimentalreproductive effects. Mutation datareported. A skin irritant. When heated todecomposition it emits acrid smoke andirritating fumes.

Metabolism

Nutmeg demonstrates a mild degree of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting activity in vitro and in vivo (Truitt, 1967; Truitt & Ebersberger, 1962). In a test based on interference with tryptamine metabolism, nutmeg was shown to possess a weak enzyme-inhibitory action, but inhibition by myristicin was approximately one third as powerful as that of iproniazid, a well known antidepressant of this class (Truitt & Ebersberger, 1962). When oral doses of 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg nutmeg powder (as an acacia suspension) were given to mice and rats, the onset of the inhibiting action was first noted 17-24 hr after feeding as a lowering of the convulsive threshold in mice following iv injection of tryptamine. In rats, after the tryptamine injection, the MAO inhibition took the form of an increase in concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain (Truitt, Duritz & Ebersberger, 1963).

Toxicity evaluation

The mechanism of toxicity remains elusive. An early hypothesishinged on the similarity of nutmeg’s aromatic compounds toamphetamine-like compounds, suggesting amination/transaminationby hepatic pathways. Myristicin has some similarityto methylenedioxyamphetamine and elemicin is similar tomescaline. However, the required pathway for this transformationis not known to exist in humans. Some componentsof nutmeg have similarity to serotonin agonists, and othersappear to have weak monoamine oxidase-inhibiting ability.Further studies are needed.