Orris oil CAS 8002-73-1
Introduction：Basic information about Orris oil CAS 8002-73-1, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Orris oil Basic information
| Product Name: | Orris oil |
| Synonyms: | FEMA 2829;Irisabsolute;Oils,orris;orris;Orrisabsolute;Orrisrootoil;Resinoidiris;Resinoidorris |
| CAS: | 8002-73-1 |
| MF: | |
| MW: | 0 |
| EINECS: | |
| Product Categories: | Alphabetical Listings;Essential OilsFlavors and Fragrances;Flavors and Fragrances;O-P |
| Mol File: | Mol File |
Orris oil Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 40-46 °C(lit.) |
| FEMA | 2829 | ORRIS CONCRETE LIQUID OIL (IRIS FLORENTINA L.) |
| Fp | >230 °F |
| color | Pale yellow to yellow oil |
| Odor | woody fatty violetfruity sweet floral |
| Odor Type | floral |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Oils, orris (8002-73-1) |
Safety Information
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | RM3440000 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| Toxicity | LD50 orl-rat: 9400 mg/kg FCTXAV 13,895,75 |
| Description | Perennial herbaceous plant that grows wild or can be cultivated.The various species are native to the Far East, but they are wellacclimated to the Mediterranean regions as well. Their cultivationin Italy represents a flourishing industry.I. pallida Lam. is the bestvariety for extractive purposes, followed by I. germanica and I.florentina (which is cultivated mainly for ornamental purposes).Depending on the variety, the plant exhibits blue, deep blue, orwhitish-blue veined flowers. It has an erect stem and radical leaves.It has large, horizontal, highly branched, and fleshy rhizomesexhibiting a pleasant and persistent odor. The fragrance of I. pallidais most persistent. The peeled rhizomes (roots) are used after two years of aging.Commercial qualities include straight, twisted, and knotty rhizomes.Orris has a violet-like odor with a fruity undertone. Orris concrete: Orris butter, or orris concrete, is obtained by steamdistillation of dried ground rhizomes with yields ranging between0.2 to 0.3%. Special techniques and prolonged distillation arerequired. It contains 13% to 17% ketones (sometimes more) calculatedas irone; 83 to 86% free or partially esterified fatty acids(e.g., myristic); terpene and sesquiterpene alcohols; aldehydes; andesters. The physical-chemical constants vary, depending on theorigin of the rhizomes. At room temperature, orris concrete from1. pallida Lam. is a light yellow-brown solid mass with a violetlikefragrance; at 40 to 50℃ the product melts to a yellow toyellow-brown liquid. Orris absolute: Obtained by alcoholic extraction of the concreteto separate the fatty acids and their esters. It may contain from 55to 85% ketones (irone). Orris resinoid: The resinoid is prepared by extracting the comminutedrhizomes with yields of 2.4 to 3.3% using benzene, or 1to 2% using petroleum ether. An absolute can be prepared fromthe resinoid; this contains 62 to 78% ketones (irone). The derivatives are fluid extract, concrete and absolute essence,resinoid, and the tincture (20% in 50 to 60% ethanol or 30% in55% ethanol). |
| Chemical Properties | Orris butter, or orris concrete, is obtained by steam distillation of dried ground rhizomes with yields ranging between0.2 and 0.3%. Special techniques and prolonged distillation are required. The physical–chemical constants vary, depending on theorigin of the rhizomes. The concrete has a violet-like fragrance. Orris Absolute: Orris absolute is obtained by alcoholic extraction ofthe concrete to separate the fatty acids and their esters. It may contain from 55 to 85% ketones (irone). Orris Resinoid: The resinoidis prepared by extracting the comminuted rhizomes with yields of 2.4 to 3.3% using benzene, or 1 to 2% using petroleum ether. Anabsolute can be prepared from the resinoid; this contains 62 to 78% ketones (irone). |
| Chemical Properties | Orris root oil is obtained by steam distillation of the rhizomes of the sweet iris,Iris pallida Lam. (Iridaceae), cultivated in the Italian province of Tuscany and inChina, or Iris germanica L., cultivated inMorocco. Prior to distillation, therhizomes are stored for several years and are then ground.The steam distillate is a light yellow to brown-yellow solid mass with a violet-like odor.The solid liquefiesto a yellow to yellow-brown liquid at 38–50 ℃. Acid number: 175–235, corresponding to an acid content of 71–95% (calculatedas myristic acid); ester number: 4–35; ketone content (calculated as irone):9–20%; soluble with ethanol in all proportions at 50 ℃. Because of its high content of myristic and other fatty acids, the steam distillateis a waxy mass that resembles a concrete and is sold under this name or as Beurred’Iris (Orris butter). In addition, a neutral product, obtained after removal of theacids with alkali, is marketed under the name orris oil absolute or as orris oil 10-fold. The main constituents of the oils are cis-γ-irone (usually 30–40%) and cis-α-irone (usually 20–30%), which are also responsible for the typical odor. I. pallidaoil contains the dextrorotatory enantiomers while I. germanica oil contains thelevorotatory enantiomers. Most of the processed orris products arederived from I. germanica roots grown in Morocco. Fresh orris roots do not contain any irones. These compounds are formed byan oxidative degradation process from higher molecular precursors, the so-callediridales, only when the dried orris roots are stored for a longer period. To avoid such a time-consuming procedure, microbiological or special fermentationprocesses have been developed.The oil is very expensive and is used in perfumery and in flavor compositions. |
| Physical properties | At room temperature, orris concrete from I. pallida Lam. is a light yellow-brown, solid mass;at 40 to 50°C the product melts to a yellow or yellow-brown liquid. It is soluble in most fixed oils, mineral oil and propylene glycol.It is insoluble in glycerin. |
| Occurrence | Found in the rhizomes of Iris pallida. Lam. (Fam. Iridaceae) (Guenther. 1952; Naves, 1974). |
| Preparation | By alcoholic extraction of the concrete (Fenarolis Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. 1971). |
| Definition | Extractives and their physically modified derivatives. Iris pallida, Iridaceae. |
| Essential oil composition | The oil contains 13 to 17% ketones (sometimes more) calculated as irone 83 to 86% free or partiallyesterified fatty acids (e.g., myristic), terpene and sesquiterpene alcohols, aldehydes and esters. |
| Safety Profile | Low toxicity by ingestion. Whenheated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke andirritating vapors. |
Orris oil Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Potassium carbonate-->Myristic acid |
| Preparation Products | 2,3-Butanedione-->Decyl aldehyde |
