Polyethylene Glycol CAS 25322-68-3
Introduction：Basic information about Polyethylene Glycol CAS 25322-68-3, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Polyethylene Glycol Basic informationChemical properties Application in biomedicine
| Product Name: | Polyethylene Glycol |
| Synonyms: | 1,2-ethanediol,homopolymer;2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1;Alcox E 160;Alcox E 30;alcoxe30;Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 600,000;Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 200,000;Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 900,000 |
| CAS: | 25322-68-3 |
| MF: | (C2H4O)nH2O |
| MW: | 0 |
| EINECS: | 500-038-2 |
| Product Categories: | Gas Chromatography;Packed GC;Stationary Phases;Cosmetic Ingredients & Chemicals;Polydispersed PEG;Optimization Reagents;Protein Structural Analysis;X-Ray Crystallography;Polymers;polymeride;Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PEG Solutions;Poly(ethylene glycol) and Oligo(ethylene glycol);Essential Chemicals;Inorganic Salts;Materials Science;Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ethylene oxide);Polymer Science;Research Essentials;Solutions and Reagents;Homobifunctional PEG;peg;25322-68-3 |
| Mol File: | 25322-68-3.mol |
Polyethylene Glycol Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 64-66 °C |
| Boiling point | >250°C |
| bulk density | 400-500kg/m3 |
| density | 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Tg | -67 |
| vapor density | >1 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| refractive index | n |
| Fp | 270 °C |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless |
| form | waxy solid |
| color | White to very pale yellow |
| Specific Gravity | 1.128 |
| PH | 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O) |
| biological source | synthetic (organic) |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water. |
| λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.6 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.3 |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Ω-end | hydroxyl |
| α-end | hydroxyl |
| Merck | 14,7568 |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Major Application | cleaning products cosmetics food and beverages personal care |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | BINDING SURFACTANT - FOAM BOOSTING EMULSION STABILISING SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING VISCOSITY CONTROLLING HUMECTANT SURFACTANT - CLEANSING SURFACTANT - SOLUBILIZING SOLVENT PLASTICISER ANTICAKING |
| Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) | Polyethylene Glycol (25322-68-3) |
| InChI | 1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2 |
| InChIKey | LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C(CO)O |
| LogP | -0.698 at 25℃ |
| Surface tension | 43.5mN/m at 20°C |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Polyethylene glycol(25322-68-3) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Polyethylene glycol (25322-68-3) |
| Absorption | ≤0.1 at 280nm ≤0.2 at 260nm |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xi,T |
| Risk Statements | 36/38-52/53-33-23/24/25 |
| Safety Statements | 26-36-24/25-61-45-36/37 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | TQ4110000 |
| F | 3-9 |
| Autoignition Temperature | 581 °F |
| Hazard Note | Harmful |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| HS Code | 39072011 |
| Storage Class | 10 - Combustible liquids |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 25322-68-3(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 28000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 20000 mg/kg |
| Chemical properties | Polyethylene glycol is a polymer which is hydrolyzed by ethylene oxide. It has no toxicity and irritation. It is widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations. The toxicity of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol is relatively large. In general, the toxicity of diols is very low. Topical application of polyethylene glycol, especially mucosal drug, can cause irritant pain. In topical lotion, this product can increase the flexibility of the skin, and has a similar moisturizing effect with glycerin. Diarrhoea can occur in large doses of oral administration. In injection, the maximum polyethylene glycol 300 concentration is about 30% (V/V). Hemolysis could occur when the concentration is more than 40% (V/V). |
| Application in biomedicine | Polyethylene glycol(25322-68-3) is also known as polyoxirane (PEO). It is a linear polyether obtained by ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide. The main uses in the field of biomedicine are as follows:
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| Description | Polyethylene glycols are a family of linear polymers formedby a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeatingethylene oxide units being added to ethylene. The molecularformula is (C2H4O)multH2O where mult denotes the averagenumber of oxyethylene groups. The molecular weight canrange from 200 to several million corresponding to thenumber of oxyethylene groups. The higher-molecular-weightmaterials (100 000 to 5 000 000) are also referred to aspolyethylene oxides. The average molecular weight of anyspecific polyethylene glycol product falls within quite narrowlimits (°5%). The number of ethylene oxide units or theirapproximate molecular weight (e.g., PEG-4 or PEG-200)commonly designates the nomenclature of specific polyethyleneglycols. Polyethylene glycols with amolecular weightless than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight1000 and above are solid. These materials are nonvolatile,water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless. They are miscible withwater, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinatedhydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins,waxes, and ethers. |
| Chemical Properties | White waxy crystalline flakes |
| Chemical Properties | The USP32–NF27 describes polyethylene glycol as being anaddition polymer of ethylene oxide and water. Polyethylene glycolgrades 200–600 are liquids; grades 1000 and above are solids atambient temperatures. Liquid grades (PEG 200–600) occur as clear, colorless or slightlyyellow-colored, viscous liquids. They have a slight but characteristicodor and a bitter, slightly burning taste. PEG 600 can occur as asolid at ambient temperatures. Solid grades (PEG>1000) are white or off-white in color, andrange in consistency from pastes to waxy flakes. They have a faint,sweet odor. Grades of PEG 6000 and above are available as freeflowingmilled powders. |
| Originator | MiraLax ,Braintree Laboratories |
| Uses | Polyethylene Glycol is a binder, coating agent, dispersing agent, flavoring adjuvant, and plasticizing agent that is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid resembling paraffin (white, waxy, or flakes), with a ph of 4.0–7.5 in 1:20 concentration. it is soluble in water (mw 1,000) and many organic solvents. |
| Uses | polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a binder, solvent, plasticizing agent, and softener widely used for cosmetic cream bases and pharmaceutical ointments. Pegs are quite humectant up to a molecular weight of 500. Beyond this weight, their water uptake diminishes. |
| Uses | Used in conjunction with carbon black to form a conductive composite.1 Polymer nanospheres of poly(ethylene glycol) were used for drug delivery.2 |
| Uses | Poly(ethylene Glycol) molecules of approximately 2000 monomers. Poly(ethylene Glycol) is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry. Recent research has shown PEG maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals. In rats, it has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery. It is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction. PEG is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods. |
| Uses | H2 histamine receptor antagonist, anti-ulcer agent |
| Uses | nonionic emulsifier |
| Uses | A polymer used to precipitate proteins, viruses, DNA and RNA |
| Definition | Any of several condensa-tion polymers of ethylene glycol with thegeneral formula HOCH2(CH2OCH2)nCH2OH orH(OCH2CH2)nOH. Average molecular weightsrange from 200 to 6000. Properties vary with molec-ular weight. |
| Production Methods | Polyethylene glycol polymers are formed by the reaction of ethyleneoxide and water under pressure in the presence of a catalyst. |
| Indications | Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) is another osmoticlaxative that is colorless and tasteless once it is mixed. |
| Preparation | The ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide is readily effected by a variety of ionic reagents and several types of polymer have been prepared. For commercial purposes, poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight and of very high molecular weight are of interest. (a) Low molecular weight polymers Poly(ethylene oxide)s of low molecular weight, i.e. below about 3000, are generally prepared by passing ethylene oxide into ethylene glycol at 120-150??C and about 0.3 MPa (3 atmospheres) pressure, using an alkaline initiator such as sodium hydroxide. Anionic polymerization proceeds according to the following scheme: 20220127142458 The polymers produced by these methods are thus terminated mainly by hydroxy groups (a few unsaturated end-groups are also formed) and are often referred to as poly(ethylene glycol)s. Poly(ethylene glycol)s with molecular weights in the range 200-600 are viscous liquids which find use as surfactants in inks and paints and as humectants. At molecular weights above about 600, poly(ethylene glycol)s are low-melting waxy solids, uses of which include pharmaceutical and cosmetic bases, lubricants and mould release agents. It may be noted that homogeneous cationic polymerization of ethylene oxide also generally leads to low molecular weight products; typical initiators include aluminium chloride, boron trifluoride and titanium tetrachloride. Systems of this type are not utilized on a commercial scale. (b) High molecular weight polymers Poly(ethylene oxide)s of molecular weight ranging from about 100000 to 5 x 106 and above are available. Details of the techniques used to manufacture these polymers have not been disclosed, but the essential feature is the use of (generally) heterogeneous initiator systems. Effective initiators are mainly of two types, namely alkaline earth compounds (e.g. carbonates and oxides of calcium, barium and strontium) and organometallic compounds (e.g. aluminium and zinc alkyls and alkoxides, commonly with added coinitiators). The precise modes of action of these initiators have not, as yet, been fully resolved. However, it is now generally thought that polymerization occurs through a co-ordinated anionic mechanism, in which the ethylene oxide is coordinated to the initiator through an unshared electron pair on the oxirane oxygen atom: Unlike the low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s, the high molecular weight polymers are tough and extensible. They are highly crystalline, with a melting point of 66??C. Unlike most water-soluble polymers, the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s may be melt processed; they may be injection moulded, extruded and calendered without difficulty. Poly(ethylene oxide)s are soluble in an unusually broad range of solvents, which includes water; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride and methylene dichloride; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol. There is an upper temperature limit of solubility in water for the high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s; this varies with concentration and molecular weight but is usually between 90 and 100??C. Water-solubility is due to the ability of the polyether to form hydrogen bonds with water; these bonds are broken when the temperature is raised, restoring the anhydrous polymer which is precipated from the solution. High molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s find use as water-soluble packaging films and capsules for such products as laundry powders, colour concentrates, tablets and seeds. In solution, the polymers are used as thickeners in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, textile sizes and latex stabilizers. |
| Manufacturing Process | Polyethylene glycol 3350 was obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide in an autoclave at 80-100°C using as a catalyst dipotassium alcogolate of polyethylene glycol 400. Dipotassium alcogolate of polyethylene glycol 400 was synthesized by a heating of the dry mixture of polyethylene glycol 400 and potassium hydroxide. The molecular weight of polymer was regulated by the ratio of monomer:catalyst. |
| Brand name | Atpeg 4000 (ICI Americas). |
| Therapeutic Function | Laxative |
| General Description | Clear colorless viscous liquid. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Water soluble. |
| Reactivity Profile | Poly(ethylene glycol) is heat-stable and inert to many chemical agents; Poly(ethylene glycol) will not hydrolyze or deteriorate under normal conditions. Poly(ethylene glycol) has a solvent action on some plastics. |
| Fire Hazard | Poly(ethylene glycol) is combustible. |
| Flammability and Explosibility | Not classified |
| reaction suitability | reagent type: cross-linking reagent reactivity: thiol reactive |
| Pharmaceutical Applications | Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are widely used in a variety ofpharmaceutical formulations, including parenteral, topical,ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations. Polyethylene glycol hasbeen used experimentally in biodegradable polymeric matrices usedin controlled-release systems. Polyethylene glycols are stable, hydrophilic substances that areessentially nonirritant to the skin;They do notreadily penetrate the skin, although the polyethylene glycols arewater-soluble and are easily removed from the skin by washing,making them useful as ointment bases.Solid grades are generallyemployed in topical ointments, with the consistency of the basebeing adjusted by the addition of liquid grades of polyethyleneglycol. Mixtures of polyethylene glycols can be used as suppositorybases,for which they have many advantages over fats. Forexample, the melting point of the suppository can be made higher towithstand exposure to warmer climates; release of the drug is notdependent upon melting point; the physical stability on storage isbetter; and suppositories are readily miscible with rectal fluids.Polyethylene glycols have the following disadvantages: they are chemically more reactive than fats; greater care is needed inprocessing to avoid inelegant contraction holes in the suppositories;the rate of release of water-soluble medications decreases with theincreasing molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol; andpolyethylene glycols tend to be more irritating to mucousmembranes than fats. Aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be used either assuspending agents or to adjust the viscosity and consistency of othersuspending vehicles. When used in conjunction with otheremulsifiers, polyethylene glycols can act as emulsion stabilizers.Liquid polyethylene glycols are used as water-miscible solventsfor the contents of soft gelatin capsules. However, they may causehardening of the capsule shell by preferential absorption of moisturefrom gelatin in the shell. In concentrations up to approximately 30% v/v, PEG 300 andPEG 400 have been used as the vehicle for parenteral dosage forms.In solid-dosage formulations, higher-molecular-weight polyethyleneglycols can enhance the effectiveness of tablet binders andimpart plasticity to granules.However, they have only limitedbinding action when used alone, and can prolong disintegration ifpresent in concentrations greater than 5% w/w. When used forthermoplastic granulations,a mixture of the powdered constituentswith 10–15% w/w PEG 6000 is heated to 70–75°C. Themass becomes pastelike and forms granules if stirred while cooling.This technique is useful for the preparation of dosage forms such aslozenges when prolonged disintegration is required.Polyethylene glycols can also be used to enhance the aqueoussolubility or dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble compoundsby making solid dispersions with an appropriate polyethyleneglycol.Animal studies have also been performed usingpolyethylene glycols as solvents for steroids in osmotic pumps.In film coatings, solid grades of polyethylene glycol can be usedalone for the film-coating of tablets or can be useful as hydrophilicpolishing materials. Solid grades are also widely used as plasticizersin conjunction with film-forming polymers.The presence ofpolyethylene glycols in film coats, especially of liquid grades, tendsto increase their water permeability and may reduce protectionagainst low pH in enteric-coating films. Polyethylene glycols areuseful as plasticizers in microencapsulated products to avoidrupture of the coating film when the microcapsules are compressedinto tablets. Polyethylene glycol grades with molecular weights of 6000 andabove can be used as lubricants, particularly for soluble tablets. Thelubricant action is not as good as that of magnesium stearate, andstickiness may develop if the material becomes too warm duringcompression. An antiadherent effect is also exerted, again subject tothe avoidance of overheating. Polyethylene glycols have been used in the preparation ofurethane hydrogels, which are used as controlled-release agents.Polyethylene glycol has also been used in insulin-loaded microparticlesfor the oral delivery of insulin;it has been used ininhalation preparations to improve aerosolization;polyethyleneglycol nanoparticles have been used to improve the oral bioavailabilityof cyclosporine;it has been used in self-assembledpolymeric nanoparticles as a drug carrier;and copolymernetworks of polyethylene glycol grafted with poly(methacrylicacid) have been used as bioadhesive controlled drug deliveryformulations. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions | Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) helps in the purification and crystal growth of proteins and nucleic acids. PEG also interacts with cell membrane, thereby allowing cell fusion. |
| Safety Profile | When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. |
| Safety | Polyethylene glycols are widely used in a variety of pharmaceuticalformulations. Generally, they are regarded as nontoxic andnonirritant materials. Adverse reactions to polyethylene glycols have been reported,the greatest toxicity being with glycols of low molecular weight.However, the toxicity of glycols is relatively low. Polyethylene glycols administered topically may cause stinging,especially when applied to mucous membranes. Hypersensitivityreactions to polyethylene glycols applied topically have also beenreported, including urticaria and delayed allergic reactions. The most serious adverse effects associated with polyethyleneglycols are hyperosmolarity, metabolic acidosis, and renal failurefollowing the topical use of polyethylene glycols in burn patients.Topical preparations containing polyethylene glycols should thereforebe used cautiously in patients with renal failure, extensiveburns, or open wounds. Oral administration of large quantities of polyethylene glycolscan have a laxative effect. Therapeutically, up to 4 L of an aqueousmixture of electrolytes and high-molecular-weight polyethyleneglycol is consumed by patients undergoing bowel cleansing. Liquid polyethylene glycols may be absorbed when taken orally,but the higher-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols are notsignificantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorbedpolyethylene glycol is excreted largely unchanged in the urine,although polyethylene glycols of low molecular weight may bepartially metabolized. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake ofpolyethylene glycols at up to 10 mg/kg body-weight. In parenteral products, the maximum recommended concentrationof PEG 300 is approximately 30% v/v as hemolytic effects havebeen observed at concentrations greater than about 40% v/v |
| Environmental Fate | Like other polymeric substances, polyethylene glycols are notreadily biodegradable, with reported 5-day biochemical oxygendemand (BOD5) of 0–1%. However, owing to their hydrophilicity,they have a low potential to bioaccumulate. |
| Solubility in organics | Acetonitrile, benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, DMF, MEK, methanol, THF (hot), water |
| Solubility in organics | THF, water |
| storage | Polyethylene glycols are chemically stable in air and in solution, although grades with a molecular weight less than 2000 are hygroscopic. Polyethylene glycols do not support microbial growth, and they do not become rancid. Polyethylene glycols and aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be sterilized by autoclaving, filtration, or gamma irradiation. Sterilization of solid grades by dry heat at 150℃ for 1 hour may induce oxidation, darkening, and the formation of acidic degradation products. Ideally, sterilization should be carried out in an inert atmosphere. Oxidation of polyethylene glycols may also be inhibited by the inclusion of a suitable antioxidant. If heated tanks are used to maintain normally solid polyethylene glycols in a molten state, care must be taken to avoid contamination with iron, which can lead to discoloration. The temperature must be kept to the minimum necessary to ensure fluidity; oxidation may occur if polyethylene glycols are exposed for long periods to temperatures exceeding 50℃. However, storage under nitrogen reduces the possibility of oxidation. Polyethylene glycols should be stored in well-closed containers in a cool, dry place. Stainless steel, aluminum, glass, or lined steel containers are preferred for the storage of liquid grades. |
| Purification Methods | PEG is available commercially as a powder or as a solution in various degrees of polymerization depending on the average molecular weight, e.g. PEG 400 and PEG 800 have average molecular weights of 400 and 800, respectively. They may be contaminated with aldehydes and peroxides. Solutions deteriorate in the presence of air due to the formation of these contaminants. Methods available for purification are as follows: Procedure A: A 40% aqueous solution of PEG 400 (2L, average molecular weight 400) is de-aerated under vacuum and made 10mM in sodium thiosulfate. After standing for 1hour at 25o, the solution is passed through a column (2.5x20cm) of mixed-bed R-208 resin which has a 5cm layer of Dowex 50-H+ at the bottom of the column. The column was previously flushed with 30% aqueous MeOH, then thoroughly with H2O. A flow rate of 1mL/minute is maintained by adjusting the fluid head. The first 200mL are discarded, and the effluent is then collected at an increased flow rate. The concentration of PEG solution is checked by density measurement, and it is stored (preferably anaerobically) at 15o. Procedure B: A solution of PEG 800 (500g in 805mL H2O) is made 1mM in H2SO4 and stirred overnight at 25o with 10g of treated Dowex 50-H+ (8% crosslinked, 20-50 mesh). The resin, after settling, is filtered off on a sintered glass funnel. The filtrate is treated at 25o with 1.5g of NaBH4 (added over a period of 1minute) in a beaker with tight but removable lid through which a propeller-type mechanical stirrer is inserted and continuously flushed with N2. After 15minutes, 15g of fresh Dowex 50-H+ are added, and the rate of stirring is adjusted to maintain the resin suspended. The addition of an equal quantity of Dowex 50-H+ is repeated and the reaction times are 30 and 40minutes. The pH of a 1 to 10 dilution of the reaction mixture should remain above pH 8 throughout. If it does not, more NaBH4 is added or the addition of Dowex 50-H+ is curtailed. (Some samples of PEG can be sufficiently acidic, at least after the hydrolysis treatment, to produce a pH that is too low for efficient reduction when the above ratio of NaBH4 to Dowex 50-H+ is used.) About 30minutes after the last addition of NaBH4, small amounts of Dowex 50-H+ (~0.2g) are added at 15minute intervals until the pH of a 1 to 10 dilution of the solution is less than 8. After stirring for an additional 15minutes the resin is allowed to settle, and the solution is transferred to a vacuum flask for brief de-gassing under a vacuum. The de-gassed solution is passed through a column of mixed-bed resin as in procedure A. The final PEG concentration would be about 40% w/v. Assays for aldehydes by the purpural method and of peroxides are given in the reference below. Treatment of Dowex 50-H+ (8% crosslinked, 20-50 mesh): The Dowex (500g) is suspended in excess 2N NaOH, and 3mL of liquid Br2 is stirred into the solution. After the Br2 has dissolved, the treatment is repeated twice, and then the resin is washed with 1N NaOH on a sintered glass funnel until the filtrate is colourless. The resin is then converted to the acid form (with dilute HCl, H2SO4 or AcOH as required) and washed thoroughly with H2O and sucked dry on the funnel. The treated resin can be converted to the Na salt and stored. [Ray & Purathingal Anal Biochem 146 307 1985.] |
| Toxicity evaluation | Many years of human experience in the workplace and in theuse of consumer products containing polyethylene glycols havenot shown any adverse health effects, except in situations wherevery high doses are administered to hypersusceptible individualsor persons with underlying diseases. |
| Incompatibilities | The chemical reactivity of polyethylene glycols is mainly confined tothe two terminal hydroxyl groups, which can be either esterified oretherified. However, all grades can exhibit some oxidizing activityowing to the presence of peroxide impurities and secondaryproducts formed by autoxidation. Liquid and solid polyethylene glycol grades may be incompatiblewith some coloring agents. The antibacterial activity of certain antibiotics is reduced inpolyethylene glycol bases, particularly that of penicillin andbacitracin. The preservative efficacy of the parabens may also beimpaired owing to binding with polyethylene glycols. Physical effects caused by polyethylene glycol bases includesoftening and liquefaction in mixtures with phenol, tannic acid, andsalicylic acid. Discoloration of sulfonamides and dithranol can alsooccur, and sorbitol may be precipitated from mixtures. Plastics, suchas polyethylene, phenolformaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, and cellulose-ester membranes (in filters) may be softened or dissolvedby polyethylene glycols. Migration of polyethylene glycol can occurfrom tablet film coatings, leading to interaction with corecomponents. |
| Toxics Screening Level | The initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350) is 8 μg/m3 based on an annual averaging time. |
| Regulatory Status | Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dentalpreparations; IM and IV injections; ophthalmic preparations; oralcapsules, solutions, syrups, and tablets; rectal, topical, and vaginalpreparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in theUK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinalIngredients. |
Polyethylene Glycol Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Hexane-->ETHYLENE OXIDE-->Polyethylene-->DOYLE DIRHODIUM CATALYST-RH2(4S-MEOX)4-->Aluminium isopropoxide-->Solvent oil No.120-->Potassium hydroxide |
| Preparation Products | 4-Fluoroaniline-->Polypropylene-->Polyacrylonitrile fiber oil-->2-(5-BROMO-2-PYRIDYLAZO)-5-(DIETHYLAMINO)PHENOL-->Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether N=3-->DIETHOFENCARB-->finishing agent based on water dispersed polysiloxang polyurethane block copolymers-->Indole-3-butyric acid-->softener PEG-->Polyoxyethylene stearate-->Thienamycin-->Water-soluble resin-->antistatic finish agent for synthetic fiber-->Antistatic finishing agent-->polyoxyethylene glycol (600) bislaurate-->rennin B-->softening agent PEN-->efficient defoaming agent JC-5-->C-1 acidic copper plating brightener |
