CAS 77-67-8|Ethosuximide
Introduction：Basic information about CAS 77-67-8|Ethosuximide, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
| Common Name | Ethosuximide | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 77-67-8 | Molecular Weight | 141.168 |
| Density | 1.1±0.1 g/cm3 | Boiling Point | 265.3±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Molecular Formula | C7H11NO2 | Melting Point | 51ºC |
| MSDS | ChineseUSA | Flash Point | 123.8±18.9 °C |
| Symbol | GHS07 | Signal Word | Warning |
Names
| Name | ethosuximide |
|---|---|
| Synonym | More Synonyms |
Ethosuximide BiologicalActivity
| Description | Ethosuximide, a widely prescribed anti-epileptic drug, improves the phenotypes of multiple neurodegenerative disease models and blocks the low voltage activated T-type calcium channel. |
|---|---|
| Related Catalog | Signaling Pathways >>Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >>Calcium ChannelResearch Areas >>Neurological Disease |
| Target | calcium channel[1] |
| In Vitro | The efficacy of Ethosuximide in generalized absence epilepsy is thought to be due to blockade of the low voltage activated T-type calcium channel. There is no reduction in total Tau levels in Ethosuximide treated Tau transgenic worms as compare to vehicle controls. The rescuing effect of Ethosuximide is therefore not due to transgene suppression or reduced expression of toxic mutant Tau protein. Quantification of the amount of soluble and insoluble (RIPA-extractable) Tau relative to total Tau levels reveals a significant reduction in aberrantly-folded, insoluble Tau and a corresponding increase in soluble Tau in Ethosuximide-treated compare with untreated worms[1]. Concentrations of 2 μM or more of Ethosuximide not only are found to be less effective than 1 μM concentration of Ethosuximide, but also induce cell toxicity. GABA staining immunofluorescence images show that after treatment with Ethosuximide, GABA positive neuron increases by 3 and 6.5 fold for concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μM, respectively. BrdU staining shows nuclei proliferation after 2 to 3 days of Ethosuximide exposure. The mean of nuclei is 15.98±0.41 for the low concentration of Ethosuximide while it is 25.27±0.48 for the high concentration after Brdu staining. This number is 11.05±0.2 for lithium chloride[2]. |
| Kinase Assay | Vehicle- and Ethosuximide-treated Tau V337M worms are lysed and separated into soluble and insoluble fractions. Fractions are separated by SDS-PAGE and western blotted using anti-human Tau T46 and anti-actin antibodies. The abundance of Tau protein in each fraction is quantified by densitometry and normalized against beta-actin. Total Tau levels in lysates are expressed as the percentage of actin-normalized Tau relative to vehicle control lysates; Tau levels in sequentially extracted fractions are expressed as the percentage of actin-normalized Tau relative to the sum of both fractions (soluble+RIPA) combined[1]. |
| Cell Assay | Neuronal stem cells from the forebrain Cortex of a 3-day-old rat are used in this study. The cells are differentiated by withdrawal of basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) and exposed to Ethosuximide at two concentrations of 0.1 μM and 1 μM. Before drug treatment, the cells are rinsed once with PBS, and the medium is replaced with fresh, bFGF-free DMEM/F12 medium containing different concentration of Ethosuximide. Medium exchange is done every day for 6 days with medium containing Ethosuximide. Then, cells are fixed for immunocytochemistry[2]. |
| References | [1]. Chen X, et al. Ethosuximide ameliorates neurodegenerative disease phenotypes by modulating DAF-16/FOXO target gene expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2015 Sep 29;10:51. [2]. Sondossi K, et al. Analysis of the antiepileptic, ethosuximide impacts on neurogenesis of rat forebrain stem cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Oct;28(5):512-8. |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Density | 1.1±0.1 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 265.3±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 51ºC |
| Molecular Formula | C7H11NO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 141.168 |
| Flash Point | 123.8±18.9 °C |
| Exact Mass | 141.078979 |
| PSA | 46.17000 |
| LogP | 0.38 |
| Vapour Pressure | 0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.451 |
| InChIKey | HAPOVYFOVVWLRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CCC1(C)CC(=O)NC1=O |
| Storage condition | Refrigerator |
| Water Solubility | ethanol: 100 mg/mL |
Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION |
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA - TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1530 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1325 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1810 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 780 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 33300 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-14 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 66600 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-14 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 166 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-14 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 2250 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 9-17 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- DOSE :
- 160 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 5-20 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 3960 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-16 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 962 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 8-10 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- DOSE :
- 600 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 8 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- DOSE :
- 2626 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 8-10 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 48100 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-18 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 18500 ug/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-10 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 185 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 6-10 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
MUTATION DATA - TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Human Lymphocyte
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 30 mg/L
- REFERENCE :
- MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,623,1988 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3882 No. of Facilities: 371 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 7032 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4379 (estimated)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Human Lymphocyte
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 30 mg/L
- REFERENCE :
- MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,623,1988 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3882 No. of Facilities: 371 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 7032 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4379 (estimated)
Safety Information
| Symbol | GHS07 |
|---|---|
| Signal Word | Warning |
| Hazard Statements | H302 |
| Precautionary Statements | P301 + P312 + P330 |
| Personal Protective Equipment | dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves |
| Hazard Codes | Xn: Harmful; |
| Risk Phrases | R22 |
| Safety Phrases | 36 |
| RIDADR | NONH for all modes of transport |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | WN2800000 |
| HS Code | 2925190090 |
Customs
| HS Code | 2925190090 |
|---|---|
| Summary | 2925190090 other imides and their derivatives; salts thereof VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0% |
Articles47
More Articles| Ethosuximide and phenytoin dose-dependently attenuate acute nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 30(23) , 1973-82, (2013) Acute seizures frequently occur following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have been associated with poor patient prognosis. Silent or nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) manifest in the absence of mo... | |
| How did phenobarbital's chemical structure affect the development of subsequent antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)? Epilepsia 53 Suppl 8 , 3-11, (2012) Phenobarbital has been in clinical use as an antiepileptic drug (AED) since 1912. The initial clinical success of phenobarbital and other barbiturates affected the design of subsequent AEDs (e.g., phe... | |
| Histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid promotes the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. PLoS ONE 9(8) , e104010, (2014) In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanism of action of valproic acid on hepatic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells. Human in... |
Synonyms
| (±)-Ethosuximide |
| 2-Methyl-2-ethylsuccinimide |
| 3-Ethyl-3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione |
| 2-Ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide |
| MFCD00072123 |
| Ethymal |
| Zarontin |
| α-Ethyl-α-methylsuccinimide |
| Etosuximida |
| 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, 3-ethyl-3-methyl- |
| Zarondan |
| Petinimid |
| Suxilep |
| 3-ethyl-3-methyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione |
| Ethosuximide |
| 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, 3-ethyl-3-methyl-, (±)- |
| Emeside |
| thosuximide |
| Suxinutin |
| EINECS 201-048-7 |
| UNII:5SEH9X1D1D |
| 3-ethyl-3-methylsuccinimide |
| (±)-2-Ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide |
| 3-Aethyl-3-methyl-pyrrolidin-2,5-dion |
| Petnidan |
| 3-Ethyl-3-methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione |
