CAS 478-43-3|Rhein

Introduction：Basic information about CAS 478-43-3|Rhein, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.

Table of Contents

1. Names
2. Rhein BiologicalActivity
3. Chemical & Physical Properties
4. Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
5. Safety Information
6. Customs
7. Articles189
8. Synonyms

Common Name	Rhein
CAS Number	478-43-3	Molecular Weight	284.220
Density	1.7±0.1 g/cm3	Boiling Point	597.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₈O₆	Melting Point	≥300 °C(lit.)
MSDS	ChineseUSA	Flash Point	329.4±26.6 °C
Symbol	GHS07	Signal Word	Warning

Names

Name	Rhein
Synonym	More Synonyms

Rhein BiologicalActivity

Description	Rhein is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs, and has many pharmacological effects, including epatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Rhein (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) evidently suppressed cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) but significantly lessened H2O2-induced DNA damage and the elevated MDA and ROS levels induced by H2O2/Fe2+ at the concentrations of 0.1–10 mg/mL [1].In vivo: Oral administration of rhein (150 mg/kg/d) evidently ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions and attenuated the expression of α-SMA and deposition of fibronectin (FN) in mice with renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rhein also suppressed TGF-β1 and its type I receptor expression in obstructed kidneys [1]. The biochemical parameters results of IgAN model rats showed that rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both improved the biochemical parameters and relieved renal pathological injury. The expressions of renal tissue TLR4, TGF-β1, but not TLR9 were significantly elevated in IgAN model rats (P < 0.05). Rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both inhibited TLR4 and TGF-β1 expressions [2].
Related Catalog	Signaling Pathways >>Autophagy >>AutophagyResearch Areas >>CancerNatural Products >>QuinonesResearch Areas >>Inflammation/ImmunologyResearch Areas >>Infection
References	[1]. Xiaowen Chen, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in a protective effect of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan-Feb; 47(1): 27–33. [2]. Hou ML, et al. The Drug-Drug Effects of Rhein on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clozapine in Rat Brain Extracellular Fluid by In Vivo Microdialysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Oct;355(1):125-34. [3]. Yan-Xi Zhou, et al. Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015: 578107.

Description

Rhein is a lipophilic anthraquinone extensively found in medicinal herbs, and has many pharmacological effects, including epatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. IC50 value:Target:In vitro: Rhein (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) evidently suppressed cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) but significantly lessened H2O2-induced DNA damage and the elevated MDA and ROS levels induced by H2O2/Fe2+ at the concentrations of 0.1–10 mg/mL [1].In vivo: Oral administration of rhein (150 mg/kg/d) evidently ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions and attenuated the expression of α-SMA and deposition of fibronectin (FN) in mice with renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rhein also suppressed TGF-β1 and its type I receptor expression in obstructed kidneys [1]. The biochemical parameters results of IgAN model rats showed that rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both improved the biochemical parameters and relieved renal pathological injury. The expressions of renal tissue TLR4, TGF-β1, but not TLR9 were significantly elevated in IgAN model rats (P < 0.05). Rhein-prevented and rhein-treated both inhibited TLR4 and TGF-β1 expressions [2].

Related Catalog

Signaling Pathways >>Autophagy >>AutophagyResearch Areas >>CancerNatural Products >>QuinonesResearch Areas >>Inflammation/ImmunologyResearch Areas >>Infection

References

[1]. Xiaowen Chen, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in a protective effect of rhein on immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan-Feb; 47(1): 27–33.

[2]. Hou ML, et al. The Drug-Drug Effects of Rhein on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clozapine in Rat Brain Extracellular Fluid by In Vivo Microdialysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015 Oct;355(1):125-34.

[3]. Yan-Xi Zhou, et al. Rhein: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015: 578107.

Chemical & Physical Properties

Density	1.7±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point	597.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	≥300 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula	C₁₅H₈O₆
Molecular Weight	284.220
Flash Point	329.4±26.6 °C
Exact Mass	284.032074
PSA	111.90000
LogP	4.58
Vapour Pressure	0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction	1.761
Storage condition	2-8°C
Water Solubility	<0.1 g/100 mL at 17 ºC

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: CA9516000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 478-43-3

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 2222155

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 2

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C15-H8-O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 284.23

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,153,1987

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 61,153,1987

Safety Information

Symbol	GHS07
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statements	H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements	P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment	dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes	Xi
Risk Phrases	R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
Safety Phrases	S26-S37/39
RIDADR	NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	CA9516000
HS Code	2918990090

Customs

HS Code	2918990090
Summary	2918990090. other carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

Articles189

Factors affecting formulation characteristics and stability of ascorbic acid in water-in-oil creams.

Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 36(5) , 494-504, (2014)

The present investigation is based on the formulation of water-in-oil (w/o) cream preparations of ascorbic acid (AA) at pH 4-6 using different emollients and humectants.The preparations were stored in...

Binding of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at the surface of hydrozincite nanocrystals: An example of organic molecules absorption onto nanocrystalline minerals.

J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 457 , 298-306, (2015)

As a contribution to understand the interactions between mineral surfaces and organic molecules, this study reports an accurate characterization of the bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-Hydrozincite...

Antioxidants in heat-processed koji and the production mechanisms.

Food Chem. 187 , 364-9, (2015)

We previously developed antioxidative heat-processed (HP)-koji via two-step heating (55 °C/2days → 75 °C/3 days) of white-koji. In this study, we isolated antioxidants in HP-koji and investigated thei...

Synonyms

Rhein

1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxy-9,10-anthraquinone

EINECS 207-521-4

Cassic acid

2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-

Rheic acid

Rhubarb Yellow

1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid

1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone

9,10-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid

MFCD00009618

Monorhein

4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

4,5-Dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid

4,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid

9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid

Chrysazin-3-carboxylic acid

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