ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE CAS 2244-11-3
Introduction：Basic information about ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE CAS 2244-11-3, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE Basic information
| Product Name: | ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE |
| Synonyms: | 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone, 2,4,5,6-Tetraoxypyrimidine, 5,6-Dioxyuracil;2,4,5,6-tetraoxohexahydropyrimidinehydrate;mesoxalylcarbamidemonohydrate;LABOTEST-BB LT00138148;MESOXALYLUREA;MESOXALYLUREA, MONOHYDRATE;5,6-DIOXYURACIL;5,6-DIOXYURACIL MONOHYDRATE |
| CAS: | 2244-11-3 |
| MF: | C4H4N2O5 |
| MW: | 160.09 |
| EINECS: | 607-078-0 |
| Product Categories: | buildingblock;Pyridines, Pyrimidines, Purines and Pteredines;Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients |
| Mol File: | 2244-11-3.mol |
ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 255 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | H2O: may be hazy yellow |
| form | Crystalline Powder |
| color | Off-white to beige-yellow |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, glacial acetic acid and methanol. Slightly soluble in chloroform, petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate and acetic anhydride. Insoluble in ether. |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive |
| Merck | 14,282 |
| BRN | 5309394 |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C4H2N2O4.H2O/c7-1-2(8)5-4(10)6-3(1)9;/h(H2,5,6,8,9,10);1H2 |
| InChIKey | DSXMTJRUNLATRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | O=C1C(NC(=O)NC1=O)=O.O |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 2244-11-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone, monohydrate (2244-11-3) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xn,Xi |
| Risk Statements | 20/21/22-36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 36-26-36/37 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | UW0492000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29335995 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 4 Dermal Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation Acute Tox. 4 Oral |
| Chemical Properties | Off-white to beige-yellowish crystalline powder |
| Uses | specific cytotoxin (beta pacreatic cell) |
| Uses | A cytotoxic compound, Alloxan Monohydrate causes oxidative base damage to nuclear DNA. |
| Uses | Cytotoxic compound that causes oxidative base damage to nuclear DNAAlloxan monohydrate is used as a precursor to prepare purple dye murexide. It is also used in research models to induce diabetes and destroy beta cells. Further, it is a strong oxidizing agent and it forms a hemiacetal with its reduced reaction product dialuric acid. |
| Safety Profile | Poison by intravenous route. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. |
| Synthesis | The original tetracosane was prepared by oxidizing uric acid with nitric acid, or by oxidizing barbituric acid with chromium trioxide. |
| in vivo | Alloxan hydrate can be used in animal modeling to create diabetes models. Administration of Alloxan hydrate leads to a sharp increase in blood glucose levels in mice, peaking at 45 minutes. Two hours after administration, blood glucose levels decrease to near-hypoglycemic levels, reaching the lowest blood glucose level at 6 hours[3]. Induction of Diabetes[3]Background Alloxan hydrate induces diabetes by destroying the pancreas that produces insulin and has a toxic effect on β cells. Specific Modeling Methods Mice: albino NMRI ? female ? 20-25 gAdministration: 70 mg/kg ? i.v.Note(1) Alloxan hydrate is dissolved in hydrochloric acid (pH=5) and administered via tail vein injection within 10 minutes after dissolution. (2) Blood sampling was done through the eye socket, with 25μL and 250μL taken to measure blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, respectively. (3) Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured using enzyme and immunoassays, respectively. Mice with blood glucose levels reaching or exceeding 200 mg/100 mL are considered diabetic. Modeling IndicatorsMolecular changes: Blood sugar levels rise, glycogen in the liver decreases, and insulin levels increase during hypoglycemia. Correlated Product(s): Streptozotocin (HY-13753)Opposite Product(s): / |
| Purification Methods | Recrystallisation from H2O gave the tetrahydrate in large prisms or rhombs. On heating at 100o, or on exposure to air, this is converted to the monohydrate. Dissolve it in its own weight of boiling H2O and cool it for several days below 0o; the tetrahydrate crystallises from solution much more slowly when free from HNO3. It is less soluble in bicarbonate solutions than in H2O. Drying the solid over H2SO4 yields the monohydrate. The anhydrous crystals can be obtained by recrystallisation from dry Me2CO or AcOH followed by washing with dry Et2O, or by sublimation in a vacuum. On heating it turns pink at 230o and decomposes at ca 256o. It is acidic to litmus. [Hartman & Sheppard Org Synth Coll Vol III 37 1955.] It forms a compound with urea which crystallises from H2O in yellow needles that become red at 170o and decompose at 185-186o. [Beilstein 24 H 500, 24 I 428, 24 II 301, 24 III/IV 2137.] |
ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Acetic acid-->Chromium(VI) oxide-->Barbituric acid |
| Preparation Products | 6,7-DICHLORO-QUINOXALIN-2-YLAMINE |
