Argon CAS 7440-37-1
Introduction：Basic information about Argon CAS 7440-37-1, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Argon Basic information
| Product Name: | Argon |
| Synonyms: | argon atom;argon,compressed;ARGON (PURE GAS) 1X14L SCOTTY 14 99.995%;ARGON, PRESSURE TIN WITH 1 L;ARGON, 99.998+%;ARGON ULTRAPLUS;ARGON SPUTTERING;ARGON GIGAPLUS(TM) |
| CAS: | 7440-37-1 |
| MF: | Ar |
| MW: | 39.95 |
| EINECS: | 231-147-0 |
| Product Categories: | Industrial/Fine Chemicals;refrigerants;Inorganics;Chemical Synthesis;Compressed and Liquefied Gases;Synthetic Reagents |
| Mol File: | 7440-37-1.mol |
Argon Chemical Properties
| Melting point | -189.2 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling point | -185.7 °C(lit.) |
| density | 1.784（0℃） |
| vapor density | 1.38 (21 °C, vs air) |
| solubility | slightly soluble in H2O |
| form | colorless gas |
| color | colorless |
| Water Solubility | 33.6mL/1000g H2O (20°C) [KIR78]; Henry’s law constants, k×10?4: 3.974 (25.0°C), 5.359 (65.1°C), 5.342 (91.1°C), 3.812 (222.7°C), 2.541 (267.3°C), 1.870 (287.9°C) [POT78] |
| Merck | 13,788 |
| Dielectric constant | 1.5（-191℃） |
| Stability: | Stable. Inert. |
| Cosmetics Ingredients Functions | ANTIOXIDANT |
| InChI | 1S/Ar |
| InChIKey | XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Ar] |
| LogP | 0.740 (est) |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 7440-37-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Argon(7440-37-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Argon (7440-37-1) |
Safety Information
| Safety Statements | 38 |
| RIDADR | UN 1006 2.2 |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | CF2300000 |
| F | 4.5-31 |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| DOT Classification | 2.2 (Nonflammable gas) |
| HazardClass | 2.2 |
| Storage Class | 2A - Gases |
| Hazard Classifications | Press. Gas Compr. Gas |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 7440-37-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Description | Argon belongs to the family of inert, rare gasesof the atmosphere. It is plentiful compared tothe other rare atmospheric gases; I million ft3(28 300 m3) of dry air contains 9340 ft3 (264m3) of argon. Argon is colorless, odorless,tasteless, and nontoxic. It is extremely inert andforms no known chemical compounds. It isslightly soluble in water. |
| Chemical Properties | colourless odourless gas |
| Chemical Properties | With the symbol A, argon is a nonflammablegas; one of the elements in the inert gas category. It is colorless. |
| Physical properties | Argon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, chemically inert noble gas that makes up about0.93% of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere, meaningit is more common than carbon dioxide, helium, methane, and hydrogen. Its melting point is –189.35°C, its boiling point is –185.85°C, and its density is0.0017837g/cm3. |
| Isotopes | There are a total of 24 isotopes of argon, three of which are stable. They areAr-36, which constitutes just 0.3365% of the natural amount of argon; Ar-38, which contributesjust 0.0632% to the amount of argon on Earth; and Ar-40, which, by far, constitutesthe most argon on Earth, 99.6003% of its natural abundance. |
| Origin of Name | The name “argon” is derived from the Greek word argos, meaning“inactive.” |
| Occurrence | Argon is the 56th most abundant element on Earth. It is the most abundant of all the noblegases found in the atmosphere. In fact, the only source of argon is the atmosphere, where it isfound at just under 1% of air by volume. There are several methods of producing argon. The most common is by fractional distillationof liquid air. Argon is collected as a by-product of this large-scale commercial process.During fractional distillation, argon boils off at its own unique temperature. It is then collectedand purified by passing it through charcoal to filter out helium and other gases, producingsignificant amounts of argon. |
| History | Argon was discovered by a Scottish chemist, Sir William Ramsay and an English chemist, Lord Rayleigh in 1894. However, an English scientist, Henry Cavendish identified the presence of argon 200 years before its discovery when he found a small amount of gas left behind while separating nitrogen and oxygen from air. Although he anticipated the presence of another element in the air, he was unable to confirm that. Ramsay repeated Cavendish's experiment in 1894 and analyzed the left over unknown gas using spectroscopy. Meanwhile, Rayleigh was also performing the same experiment, almost at the same time. Both the scientists together revealed the unidentified gas and named it Argon. |
| Characteristics | Although argon is considered chemically inert, at low temperatures it is possible to combineargon with other atoms to form very fragile compounds, which exist only at those verylow temperatures. For instance, it can combine with fluorine and hydrogen to form argonfluorohydride (HArF). It is only slightly soluble in water. |
| History | The presence of Argon in air was suspected by Cavendish in 1785, discoveredby Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in 1894.The gas is prepared by fractionation of liquid air, the atmospherecontaining 0.94% argon. The atmosphere of Mars contains1.6% of 40Ar and 5 p.p.m. of 36Ar. Argon is two and onehalf times as soluble in water as nitrogen, having about thesame solubility as oxygen. It is recognized by the characteristiclines in the red end of the spectrum. It is used in electric lightbulbs and in fluorescent tubes at a pressure of about 400 Pa,and in filling photo tubes, glow tubes, etc. Argon is also usedas an inert gas shield for arc welding and cutting, as a blanketfor the production of titanium and other reactive elements,and as a protective atmosphere for growing silicon and germaniumcrystals. Argon is colorless and odorless, both as agas and liquid. It is available in high-purity form. Commercialargon is available at a cost of about 3￠ per cubic foot. Argonis considered to be a very inert gas and is not known to formtrue chemical compounds, as do krypton, xenon, and radon.However, it does form a hydrate having a dissociation pressureof 105 atm at 0°C. Ion molecules such as (ArKr)+, (ArXe)+,(NeAr)+ have been observed spectroscopically. Argon alsoforms a clathrate with β-hydroquinone. This clathrate is stableand can be stored for a considerable time, but a true chemicalbond does not exist. Van der Waals’ forces act to hold the argon.In August 2000, researchers at the University of Helsinki,Finland reported they made a new argon compound HArF4-4 The Elementsby shining UV light on frozen argon that contained a smallamount of HF. Naturally occurring argon is a mixture of threeisotopes. Seventeen other radioactive isotopes are now knownto exist. Commercial argon is priced at about $70/300 cu. ft.or 8.5 cu. meters. |
| Uses | Gas as shield in gas metal-arc welding, in metal processing; carrier in gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography; gas filler for incandescent light bulbs. Gas in fluorescent tubes analogous to neon lights, but produces a blue-purplish light; in rectifier tubes; in thermometers above mercury; in lasers; wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and the much cheaper nitrogen cannot be used; in ionization chambers and particle counters; in mixtures with He and Ne in Geiger counters; in argon-oxygen-decarburizing process for stainless steel; in manufacture of semiconducting devices; in gas mixtures as the working fluid in plasma arc devices. Liquid as cryogen to produce low temperetures. The isotope 40Ar is always found in minerals contg potassium, since it is a product of 40K decay; measuring the amount of 40Ar and 40K can be used for determining the geologic age of minerals and meteors. |
| Uses | Argon is used when an inert atmosphere is required. Individually, or as mixture with otherinert gases, it is used to fill electric light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, lasers, and so forth. Byreplacing oxygen in incandescent light bulbs, it prevents oxygen from corroding the bulb’sfilament. It is also used as a nonoxidizing gas for welding and to decarbonize steel and as aninert atmosphere in which to grow semiconductor crystals. |
| Uses | Argon is extensively used in filling incandescent and fluorescent lamps, and electronic tubes; as an inert gas shield for arc welding and cutting; as a blanket in the production of titanium, zirconium, and other reactive metals; to flush molten metals to eliminate porosity in castings;and to provide a protective shield for growingsilicon and germanium crystals. |
| Definition | A nonmetallic element ofatomic number 18, in the noble gas group of thePeriodic System. Aw 39.948. Present in atmosphereto 0.94% by volume. |
| Definition | An inert colorless odorlessmonatomic element of the rare-gasgroup. It forms 0.93% by volume of air.Argon is used to provide an inert atmospherein electric and fluorescent lights, inwelding, and in extracting titanium and silicon.The element forms no known compounds. Symbol: Ar; m.p. –189.37°C; b.p.–185.86°C; d. 1.784 kg m-3 (0°C); p.n. 18;r.a.m. 39.95. |
| Definition | argon: Symbol Ar. A monatomicnoble gas present in air (0.93%); a.n.18; r.a.m. 39.948; d. 0.00178 g cm–3;m.p. –189°C; b.p. –185°C. Argon isseparated from liquid air by fractionaldistillation. It is slightly solublein water, colourless, and has nosmell. Its uses include inert atmospheresin welding and special-metalmanufacture (Ti and Zr), and (whenmixed with 20% nitrogen) in gas-filledelectric-light bulbs. The element isinert and has no true compounds.Lord Rayleigh and Sir WilliamRamsey identified argon in 1894. |
| General Description | A colorless odorless noncombustible gas. Heavier than air and can asphyxiate by displacement of air. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause Argon to rupture violently and rocket . If liquefied, contact of the very cold liquid with water may cause violent boiling. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Contacts with water in a closed container may cause dangerous pressure to build. |
| Reactivity Profile | These substances undergo no chemical reactions under any known circumstances. They are nonflammable, noncombustible and nontoxic. They can asphyxiate. |
| Hazard | Argon is nontoxic, but as an asphyxiant gas, it can smother by replacing oxygen in thelungs. |
| Health Hazard | Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. |
| Fire Hazard | Non-flammable gases. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. |
| Industrial uses | A chemical element (symbol Ar), argon is thethird member of the gaseous elements calledthe noble, inert, or rare gases, although argonis not actually rare. The earth’s atmosphere isthe only commercial argon source; however,traces of the gas are found in minerals andmeteorites.Argon is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.The element is a gas under ordinary conditions,but it can be liquefied, solidified readily, and isa major industrial gas.Argon does not form any chemical compoundsin the ordinary sense of the word,although it does form some weakly bondedclathrate compounds with water, hydroquinone,and phenol. There is one atom in each moleculeof gaseous argon. The oldest large-scale use for argon is infilling electric lightbulbs. Welding and cuttingmetal consumes the largest amount of argon.Metallurgical processing constitutes an importantapplication.Argon and Ar–Kr mixtures are used, alongwith a little mercury vapor, to fill fluorescentlamps. The inert gases make the lamps easierto start, help to regulate the voltage, and supplementthe radiation produced by the excitedmercury vapor.Argon mixed with a little neon is used tofill luminous electric-discharge tubes employedin advertising signs (similar to neon signs)when a blue or green color is desired instead ofthe red color of neon.Argon is used to fill the space between thepanes of higher-quality double-pane windows,reducing heat transfer by gaseous conductionby about 30% compared to air filling.Argon is also used in gas-filled thyratrons.Geiger–Müller radiation counters, ionizationchambers that measure cosmic radiation, andelectron tubes of various kinds. Argon atmospheresare used in dry boxes during manipulationof very reactive chemicals in the laboratoryand in sealed-package shipments of suchmaterials. In high-energy physics research, atank of liquid argon can form a calorimeter todetect certain subatomic particles. |
| Materials Uses | Gaseous argon is noncorrosive and inert, andconsequently may be contained in systems constructedof any common metals and designed tosafely withstand the pressures involved. At thetemperature of liquid argon, ordinary carbonsteels and most alloy steels lose their ductility andare considered unsafe for liquid argon service.Satisfactory materials for use with liquid argoninclude austenitic stainless steel (for example,types 304 and 316), copper, Monel, brass, aluminum,and other nickel-chromium alloys. |
| Safety Profile | A simple asphyxlantgas. As an inert gas, it has no specificinherent dangerous properties. Gases of thistype have no specific toxicity effect, but theyact by excluding O2 from the lungs. Theeffect of simple asphyxiant gases is proportional to the extent to whch theydirmnish the amount (partial pressure) of O2in the air that is breathed. The oxygen maybe diminished to 75% of its normalpercentage in air before appreciablesymptoms develop, and t h s in turn requiresthe presence of a simple asphyxiant in aconcentration of 33% in the mixture of airand gas. When the simple asphyxiantreaches a concentration of 50%, markedsymptoms can be produced. Aconcentration of 75% is fatal in a matter ofminutes. The first symptoms produced bysimple asphyxiant gases such as argon arerapid respirations and air hunger. Mentalalertness is diminished and muscularcoordination is impaired. Later, judgmentbecomes faulty and all sensations aredepressed. Emotional instability oftenresults and fatigue occurs rapidly. As theasphyxia progresses, there may be nauseaand vomiting, prostration, and loss ofconsciousness, and finally, convulsions, deepcoma, and death. |
| Synthesis | There is more than one way to prepare argon gas. The most common is through the fractional distillation of liquid air. Argon gas is a byproduct of this large-scale commercialization process. During fractional distillation, argon boils at a fixed temperature. It is then collected and purified through charcoal to filter out helium and other gases to produce large quantities of argon. |
| Potential Exposure | Argon is used in metal fabricationand steel making; as an inert gas shield in arc welding; asan inert atmosphere in electric lamps; as a blanketingagent in metals refining (especially titanium andzirconium). |
| Physiological effects | Argon is nontoxic and largely inert. It can act asa simple asphyxiant by diluting the concentrationof oxygen in air below levels necessary tosupport life. Inhalation of it in excessive concentrationscan result in dizziness, nausea,vomiting, loss of consciousness, and death.Death may result from errors in judgment, confusion,or loss of consciousness, which preventsself-rescue. At low-oxygen concentrations, unconsciousnessand death may occur in secondswithout warning. Gaseous argon must be handled with all theprecautions necessary for safety as with anynonflammable, nontoxic compressed gas. Allprecautions necessary for the safe handling ofany gas liquefied at very low temperatures mustbe observed with liquid argon. Extensive tissuedamage or burns can result from exposure toliquid argon or cold argon vapors. |
| First aid | : If contact with liquid argon occurs, seek medicalattention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas orflush them with water. In order to prevent further tissuedamage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing fromfrostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediatelyand thoroughly wash contaminated skin with warm water.Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical hasbeen inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing(using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask)if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.Transfer promptly to a medical facility. |
| storage | Gaseous argon is commonly stored in high pressurecylinders, tubes, or tube trailers. Liquidargon is commonly stored at the consumer sitein cryogenic liquid containers and speciallydesigned vacuum-insulated cryogenic storagetanks. All of the precautions necessary for the handlingof any nonflammable gas or cryogenicliquid must be taken. Liquid and gaseous systems should be designedand installed only under the direction ofpersonnel thoroughly familiar with liquid andgaseous argon equipment and in compliancewith state, provincial, and local requirements. |
| Shipping | UN1006 Argon, compressed, Hazard Class: 2.2;Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable compressed gas. Cylinders mustbe transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilatedtruck. Protect cylinder and labels from physicaldamage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is theonly entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transportand refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulationsto refill compressed gas cylinders without the expresswritten permission of the owner. |
| Purification Methods | Argon is rendered oxygen-free by passage over reduced copper at 450o, or by bubbling through alkaline pyrogallol and H2SO4, then dried with CaSO4, Mg(ClO4)2, or Linde 5A molecular sieves. Other purification steps include passage through Ascarite (CARE: asbestos impregnated with sodium hydroxide), through finely divided uranium at about 800o and through a -78o cold trap. Alternatively the gas is passed over CuO pellets at 300o to remove hydrogen and hydrocarbons, over Ca chips at 600o to remove oxygen and, finally, over titanium chips at 700o to remove nitrogen. It has also been purified by freeze-pump-thaw cycles and by passage over sputtered sodium [Arnold & Smith J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2 77 861 1981]. Arsenic acid (arsenic pentoxide hydrate, arsenic V oxide hydrate, orthoarsenic acid) [12044-50-7] M 229.8 + xH2O, pK 1 2.26, pK 2 6.76, pK 3 11.29 (H3AsO4). The acid crystallises from concentrated solutions of boiling conc HNO3 as rhombic crystals. Dry it in a vacuum to give the hemihydrate (hygroscopic). Heating above 300o yields As2O5. [Thaler Z Anorg Allgem Chem 246 19 1941, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 601 1963.] |
| Waste Disposal | Vent to atmosphere. Returnrefillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. |
Argon Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Ammonia-->Nitrogen-->Hydrogen |
| Preparation Products | Lithium-->(1R,2R)-N-BOC-1-AMINO-2-PHENYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID-->4H-AMINO-6-BROMO-2,3-DIHYDROTHIOCHROMEN-1,1-DIOXIDE-->Silicon-->4-Hydroxy-6-bromo-2,3-dihydrothiochromen-1,1-dioxide-->Silicon carbide-->5-amino-1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester-->3-ACETYLBENZONITRILE-->2-AMINOCYCLOHEXANECARBONITRILE-->3-(2-Bromoacetyl)benzonitrile-->acrylate ternary copolymer bound disulfide platinum complex catalyst-->ETHYL 5-AMINO-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBOXYLATE-->4-PYRIDIN-2-YLISOXAZOL-5-AMINE-->2-(5-METHYL-2-PHENYL-1,3-OXAZOL-4-YL)ACETIC ACID-->polypyrrole-polyvinyl chloride composite film-->Gestodene-->Docetaxel-->KRYPTON-->Beraprost-->Tacalcitol-->Idarubicin-->Germanium-->METHYL 4-BROMO-3-OXOPENTANOATE-->Silicon monoxide-->CALCIUM PHOSPHIDE-->GALLIUM PHOSPHIDE-->XENON-->ALUMINUM ZIRCONATE-->Cesium-->argon-neon mixture |
