Melamine CAS 108-78-1
Introduction：Basic information about Melamine CAS 108-78-1, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Melamine Basic information
| Product Name: | Melamine |
| Synonyms: | 2,4,6-TRIAMINO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE FOR SYNTHE;1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (Melamine);MELAMINE(P);Melamine, synthesis grade;Melamine 5g [108-78-1];Melamine,2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine, sym-Triaminotriazine;Melamine (250 mg) (2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine);1,3,5-Triazin-2,4,6-triaMine |
| CAS: | 108-78-1 |
| MF: | C3H6N6 |
| MW: | 126.12 |
| EINECS: | 203-615-4 |
| Product Categories: | Building Blocks;Chemical Synthesis;Amines;Aromatics;Heterocyclic Building Blocks;Triazines;Heterocycles;Organics;Bases & Related Reagents;Nucleotides;Fine chemical;108-78-1 |
| Mol File: | 108-78-1.mol |
Melamine Chemical Properties
| Melting point | >300 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 224.22°C (rough estimate) |
| bulk density | 800kg/m3 |
| density | 1.573 |
| vapor pressure | 66.65 hPa (315 °C) |
| refractive index | 1.872 |
| Fp | >110°C |
| storage temp. | no restrictions. |
| solubility | water: soluble25mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless |
| pka | 5(at 25℃) |
| form | Fine Crystalline Powder |
| color | White |
| PH | 7-8 (32g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Water Solubility | 3 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Merck | 14,5811 |
| BRN | 124341 |
| Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Nonflammable. |
| Major Application | cleaning products cosmetics food and beverages personal care |
| InChI | 1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9) |
| InChIKey | JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Nc1nc(N)nc(N)n1 |
| LogP | -1.22 at 20℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 108-78-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. Sup 7, 73, 119) 2019 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine(108-78-1) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Melamine (108-78-1) |
| ECETOC JACC REPORT | Melamine (108-78-1) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | Xi,Xn |
| Risk Statements | 43-44-20/21 |
| Safety Statements | 36/37 |
| RIDADR | 3263 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | OS0700000 |
| Autoignition Temperature | >600 °C |
| TSCA | TSCA listed |
| PackingGroup | III |
| HS Code | 29336980 |
| Storage Class | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Hazard Classifications | Carc. 2 Repr. 2 STOT RE 2 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 108-78-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3161 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 1000 mg/kg |
| Description | Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) is an activeingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters. Sensitizationwas reported in a plaster-room technician, who appliedresin-reinforced pIaster casts, and in dental technicians.MFR was contained in a strong dental pIasterused for mouldings. Used as a textile finish res in, it wasalso found to be an allergen in a women who replacedclothes in a store. MFR also releases formaldehyde,which may be the sensitizer. |
| Chemical Properties | Melamine is a white solid organic compound whose molecules consist of a sixmembered heterocyclic ring of alternate carbon and nitrogen atoms with three amino groups attached to the carbons. Condensation polymerization with methanal or other aldehydes produces melamine resins, which are important thermosetting plastics. |
| Uses | It is used to make high-pressure laminating resins(e.g., decorative countertops), molded compounds (e.g.,dinnerware), and surface coating resins (e.g., appliancefinishes and automotive topcoats). Additional major productsare textile and paper treatment resins. Miscellaneous usesinclude adhesive resins for gluing lumber, plywood, andflooring, and resins for leather tanning agents. Melamine,melamine cyanurate, other melamine salts, and guanidinecompounds are currently the most used group of nitrogencontainingflame retardants. Melamine is used as a flameretardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene.Melamine cyanurate is employed commercially as a flameretardant for polyamides and terephthalates. |
| Uses | Forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. |
| Definition | ChEBI: Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a cyanamide. It is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+). |
| Production Methods | The compound now is synthesized from urea. |
| Definition | melamine: A white crystalline compound,C3N6H6. Melamine is a cycliccompound having a six-memberedring of alternating C and N atoms,with three NH2 groups. It can becopolymerized with methanal to givethermosetting melamine resins,which are used particularly for laminatedcoatings. |
| Production Methods | Melamine is prepared almost exclusively by the ureaprocess—the action of ammonia on urea. It is producedworldwide. |
| Preparation | The standard route to melamine is from urea. Urea is heated in the presence of ammonia at 250-350??C and 4--20 MPa. The reaction probably involves the simultaneous dehydration and hydration of urea to form cyanamide and ammonium carbamate; trimerization of the cyanamide then leads to melamine: Thus only 50% of the urea used gives melamine in one step and ammonium carbamate has to be separated and converted to urea for recycling. Despite this limitation, the urea route is the most economical of currently available routes. |
| General Description | Colorless to white monoclinic crystals or prisms or white powder. Sublimes when gently heated. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | Melamine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids . Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. |
| Hazard | Toxic by ingestion, skin, and eye irritant.Questionable carcinogen. |
| Fire Hazard | Literature sources indicate that Melamine is nonflammable. |
| Contact allergens | Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) results from condensation of melamine and formaldehyde. It is anactive ingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters, such as industrial or some dental plasters used for molding.It is also used as a textile finish resin. MFR acts as an allergen generally because of formaldehyde releasing (see Chap. 40) |
| Safety Profile | Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Causes dermatitis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-. |
| Potential Exposure | Manufactured from urea, melamineis used in the manufacture of plastics, melamineformaldehyde resins; rubber, synthetic textiles; laminates,adhesives, and molding compound |
| First aid | If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. |
| Carcinogenicity | A bioassay of melamine wasconducted in rats and mice by NTP. Male F344 rats andB6C3F1 mice were administered melamine in their diets atconcentrations of 2250 or 4500 ppm daily for 103 weeks.Female rats were fed 4500 or 9000 ppm melamine. At the endof 111 weeks, surviving animals were killed and examined. |
| storage | Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store in a secure poison location. Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers and strong acids. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045. |
| Purification Methods | Crystallise Melamine from water or dilute aqueous NaOH. It sublimes at ~240o on prolonged heating. [Beilstein 26 I 74, 26 II 132, 26 III/IV 1253.] |
| Incompatibilities | Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Melamine neutralizesacids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. Maybe incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics,peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acidhalides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated incombination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides,nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides. |
| Toxics Screening Level | The initial risk screening level (IRSL) for melamine is 1.5 μg/m3 based on an annual averaging time. |
Melamine Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Ammonia-->Urea-->4-Chlorobenzaldehyde-->Silica gel-->Quartz-->Dicyandiamide-->Bifenthrin-->POLYAMIDE 6 HPLC 0.005-0.020MM (5-20UM)& |
| Preparation Products | PAINT-->Amino resin paint-->Various color amino baking enamel A04-9-->Boron nitride-->REACTIVE BLUE 4-->conductive coating-composite system of acrylic copolymer and cuprous iodide-->demulsifier KN-1-->MELAMINE RESIN-->Slushing agent,high efficiency-->Fluorescent Brightener BC-->Acid Red 92-->water proofing agent 703-->REACTIVE GREEN 19-->softener PEG-->Amino resin varnish-->Early-strength admixture-->Amino moulding plastic-->Pumping agent-->anchorage used for glassine paper-->modified phenol-formaldehyde resin-->Trimethylolmelamine Resin-->finishing agent KB for polyester viscose blend |
