CAS 315-30-0|Allopurinol
Introduction：Basic information about CAS 315-30-0|Allopurinol, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
| Common Name | Allopurinol | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CAS Number | 315-30-0 | Molecular Weight | 136.111 |
| Density | 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 | Boiling Point | 290.8ºC at 760 mmHg |
| Molecular Formula | C5H4N4O | Melting Point | 350 ºC |
| MSDS | ChineseUSA | Flash Point | 129.7ºC |
| Symbol | GHS06 | Signal Word | Danger |
Names
| Name | allopurinol |
|---|---|
| Synonym | More Synonyms |
Allopurinol BiologicalActivity
| Description | Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.82±0.12 μM.Target: XAOAllopurinol (Zyloprim, and generics) is a drug used primarily to treat hyperuricemia (excess uric acid in blood plasma) and its complications, including chronic gout. It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor which is administered orally. A common misconception is that allopurinol is metabolized by its target, xanthine oxidase, but this action is principally carried out by Aldehyde oxidase. The active metabolite of allopurinol is oxypurinol, which is also an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is almost completely metabolized to oxypurinol within two hours of oral administration, whereas oxypurinol is slowly excreted by the kidneys over 18–30 hours. For this reason, oxypurinol is believed responsible for the majority of allopurinol's effect.Allopurinol is a purine analog; it is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine (a naturally occurring purine in the body) and is an inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase. In addition to blocking uric acid production, inhibition of xanthine oxidase causes an increase in hypoxanthine and xanthine. While xanthine cannot be converted to purine ribotides, hypoxanthine can be salvaged to the purine ribotides adenosine and guanosine monophosphates. Increased levels of these ribotides may cause feedback inhibition of amidophosphoribosyl transferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of purine biosynthesis. Allopurinol, therefore, decreases uric acid formation and may also inhibit purine synthesis. |
|---|---|
| Related Catalog | Signaling Pathways >>Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >>Xanthine OxidaseResearch Areas >>Metabolic Disease |
| References | [1]. Pacher P, et al. Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):87-114. [2]. Reiter S, et al. Demonstration of a combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in xanthinuric patients not forming oxipurinol. Clin Chim Acta. 1990 Mar 15;187(3):221-34. |
Chemical & Physical Properties
| Density | 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 290.8ºC at 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 350 ºC |
| Molecular Formula | C5H4N4O |
| Molecular Weight | 136.111 |
| Flash Point | 129.7ºC |
| Exact Mass | 136.038513 |
| PSA | 74.43000 |
| LogP | -1.46 |
| Index of Refraction | 1.816 |
| Water Solubility | 0.35 g/L (25 ºC) |
Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION |
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA - TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 42 mg/kg/7D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
- REFERENCE :
- AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,47,1984
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 120 mg/kg/4W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - other changes Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure) Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
- REFERENCE :
- CEDEDE Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,243,1994
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 88 mg/kg/22D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - leukopenia
- REFERENCE :
- ARDIAO Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04041) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,245,1981
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 21429 ug/kg/5D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - muscle weakness Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Blood - thrombocytopenia
- REFERENCE :
- ARDIAO Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. (British Medical Journal, Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04041) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,245,1981
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD - Lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- >500 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,735,1973
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 900 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- ADTEAS Advances in Teratology. (New York, NY) V.1-5, 1966-72. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,181,1968
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 78 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,735,1973
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 214 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - fluid intake Behavioral - ataxia
- REFERENCE :
- NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 64,108,1968
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 298 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,715,1981
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD - Lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- >100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- REFERENCE :
- PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,735,1973 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 300 mg/kg/3D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
- REFERENCE :
- JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,343,1984
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1 gm/kg/10D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
- REFERENCE :
- JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,343,1984
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 300 mg/kg/3D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - xanthine, purine or nucleotides including urate
- REFERENCE :
- JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,271,1987 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 50 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 10 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
- REFERENCE :
- JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,201,1972
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 100 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 10 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
- REFERENCE :
- JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,201,1972 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW INTEAG Internist. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,7,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For publisher information, see ARPTDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,447,1965 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4802 No. of Facilities: 94 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 1456 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 840 (estimated)
Safety Information
| Symbol | GHS06 |
|---|---|
| Signal Word | Danger |
| Hazard Statements | H301-H317 |
| Precautionary Statements | Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P280 |
| Personal Protective Equipment | Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges |
| Hazard Codes | T:Toxic |
| Risk Phrases | R25;R36/37/38;R43 |
| Safety Phrases | S28-S36/37-S45-S36/37/39-S26-S24 |
| RIDADR | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | UR0785000 |
| Packaging Group | III |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| HS Code | 2933990090 |
Customs
| HS Code | 2933990090 |
|---|---|
| Summary | 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0% |
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Synonyms
| Urosin |
| Urbol |
| 7H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol |
| Apurol |
| Pural |
| 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one |
| Anoprolin |
| HPP |
| Sigapurol |
| allopurinal |
| aloral |
| T56 BMN GN INJ FQ |
| Epidropal |
| Apurin |
| 4-HPP |
| 4-Hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine |
| Zyloprim |
| Isopurinol |
| AL-100 |
| Takanarumin |
| 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol |
| 4H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one, 1,7-dihydro- |
| Caplenal |
| Allopurinol |
| Remid |
| MFCD00599413 |
| Bleminol |
| EINECS 206-250-9 |
| Allopurin |
| Foligan |
| Anzief |
| 1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ol (4-Hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine |
| Hexanurat |
| Adenock |
| Cellidrin |
| Hexanuret |
| Zyloric (Trade name) |
| Zyloric |
| 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one |
