Amiloride hydrochloride CAS 2016-88-8
Introduction：Basic information about Amiloride hydrochloride CAS 2016-88-8, including its chemical name, molecular formula, synonyms, physicochemical properties, and safety information, etc.
Amiloride hydrochloride Basic information
| Product Name: | Amiloride hydrochloride |
| Synonyms: | amiloridechloride;amiprazidine;n-amidino-3,5-diamino-6-chloro-pyrazinecarboxamidmonohydrochloride;3,5-DIAMINO-N-(AMINOMETHYL)-6-CHLOROPYRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE;HCL AMILORIDE HCL;N-amidino-3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazinecarboxamide monohydrochloride;Amipramidin hydrochloride;Amipramizide hydrochloride |
| CAS: | 2016-88-8 |
| MF: | C6H8ClN7O.ClH |
| MW: | 266.09 |
| EINECS: | 217-958-2 |
| Product Categories: | MIDAMOR;Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients;Ion Channels;Ion transporter and other ion channel;Amines;Bases & Related Reagents;Heterocycles;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Nucleotides;Pharmaceuticals |
| Mol File: | 2016-88-8.mol |
Amiloride hydrochloride Chemical Properties
| Melting point | 293-294°C |
| storage temp. | Store at RT |
| solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, yellow-green |
| form | powder |
| color | yellow |
| Water Solubility | <0.1 g/100 mL at 19.5 ºC |
| BCS Class | 1 |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C6H8ClN7O.ClH/c7-2-4(9)13-3(8)1(12-2)5(15)14-6(10)11;/h(H4,8,9,13)(H4,10,11,14,15);1H |
| InChIKey | ACHKKGDWZVCSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | C1(N=C(C(N)=NC=1N)Cl)C(=O)NC(=N)N.Cl |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 2016-88-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Amiloride hydrochloride (2016-88-8) |
Safety Information
| Hazard Codes | T,Xi |
| Risk Statements | 25-36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 36-45-26 |
| RIDADR | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | UQ2275500 |
| HazardClass | 6.1(a) |
| PackingGroup | II |
| HS Code | 29339980 |
| Storage Class | 6.1C - Combustible acute toxic Cat.3 toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects |
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 3 Oral |
| Chemical Properties | Pale Yellow Solid |
| Originator | Midamor,Merck,UK,1971 |
| Uses | Sodium channel blocker. Diuretic. |
| Uses | Na+ channel inhibitor, diuretic |
| Uses | A calcium channel andsodium channel protein inhibitor |
| Definition | ChEBI: A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. |
| Manufacturing Process | Step A: Preparation of methyl 3-amino-5,6-dichloropyrazinoare: Methyl 3-aminopyrazinoate (765 g, 5 mols) is suspended in 5 liters of dry benzene.While stirring under anhydrous conditions sulfuryl chloride (1.99 liters, 3.318g, 24.58 mols) is added over a period of 30 minutes and stirring is continuedfor 1 hour. During this period, the temperature rises to about 50°C and thenbegins to drop. The mixture is heated cautiously to reflux (60°C), refluxed for5 hours and then stirred overnight at room temperature. The excess sulfurylchloride is distilled off at atmospheric pressure (distillation is stopped whenvapor temperature reaches 78%). The dark red mixture is chilled to 6°C. Thecrystals are filtered off, washed by displacement with two 100 ml portions ofcold (8°C) benzene, then washed with 300 ml petroleum ether and dried invacuum at room temperature, yielding 888 g (80%) of methyl 3-amino-5,6-dichloropyrazinoate in the form of red crystals, MP 228-230°C. The crudeproduct is dissolved in 56 liters of boiling acetonitrile and passed through aheated (70-80°C) column of decolorizing charcoal (444 g). The column iswashed with 25 liters of hot acetonitrile, the combined eluate concentrated invacuum to about 6 liters and chilled to 5°C. The crystals that form arefiltered, washed three times with cold acetonitrile, and air dried to constantweight, yielding 724 g (82% recovery, 66% overall) of methyl 3-amino-5,6-dichloropyrazinoate in the form of yellow crystals, MP 230-234°C. Afteradditional recrystallizations from acetonitrile the product melts at 233-234°C. Step B: Preparation of methyl-3,5diamino-6-chloropyrazinoete: In a 2-liter, 3-necked flask fitted with a a mechanical stirrer, thermometer and gas inlet tubeis placed dry dimethyl sulfoxide (1 liter). Methyl 3-amino-5,6-dichloropyrazinoate (100 g, 0.45 mol) is added and the mixture stirred andheated at 65°C on a steam bath until solution is effected. A stream of dryammonia gas is admitted to the solution with continuous stirring, over aperiod of 45 minutes while the temperature is maintained at 65-70°C. Thesolution is cooled to about 10°C with continuous stirring and ammonia gas isadmitted for an additional 1 1/4 hours. The yellow reaction mixture is poured,with stirring, into cold water (2 liters) and the light yellow solid that separatesis removed by filtration, thoroughly washed with water, and dried in a vacuumdesiccator to give 82.5 g (91%) of methyl 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazinoate,MP 210-212°C. Recrystallization from acetonitrile gives material melting at212-213°C. Step C: Preparation of the base: A 300 ml one-necked, round-bottomed flask,equipped with a water-cooled condenser, calcium chloride tube and magneticstirrer is charged with anhydrous methanol (150 ml) and sodium metal (5.75g, 0.25 g atom). When the reaction is complete, the solution is treated withdry guanidine hydrochloride (26.3 g, 0.275 mol) and stirred for 10 minutes.The sodium chloride that forms is removed by filtration. The solution isconcentrated in vacuum to a volume of 30 ml and the residue treated with theproduct of Step B, heated one minute on a steam bath and kept at 25°C for 1hour. The product is filtered, washed well with water, dissolved in dilutehydrochloric acid and the free base precipitated by addition of sodiumhydroxide to give the amiloride product base, a solid which melts at 240.5-241.5°C. To produce the hydrochloride, the base is suspended in water (70 ml) andtreated with sufficient 6 N hydrochloric acid to dissolve the free base. Thesolution is filtered and treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 ml). Thehydrochloride salt (22 g, 97%) separates and is recrystallized from water (50ml) containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (3 ml). |
| Brand name | Midamor (Merck). |
| Therapeutic Function | Diuretic |
| General Description | Crystalline solid or very light yellow powder. |
| Air & Water Reactions | Insoluble in water. |
| Reactivity Profile | A halogenated amine and amide, acidic salt. In aqueous solution, behaves as a weak acid. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx). |
| Health Hazard | SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to Amiloride hydrochloride include headache, weakness, fatigue, back, chest, neck, shoulder or extremity pain; nausea, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, hyperkalemia, paresthesias, shock, dizziness, coughing, shortness of breath, depression, nervousness, flaccid paralysis of the extremities, bradycardia, flatulence, skin rash, gas pain, constipation and dyspnea. |
| Fire Hazard | Flash point data for Amiloride hydrochloride are not available; however, Amiloride hydrochloride is probably combustible. |
| Biological Activity | Na + channel blocker. Defines the I 2A -amiloride sensitive and I 2B -amiloride insensitive imidazoline binding sites. Also inhibits TRPP3 channels. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions | Selective T-type calcium channel blocker and blocker of epithelial sodium channel. Selective inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). |
| Clinical Use | Oedema Potassium conservation with thiazide and loop diuretics |
| Drug interactions | Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs ACE inhibitor and angiotensin-II antagonists: increased risk of hyperkalaemia and hypotension. Antibacterials: avoid concomitant use with lymecycline. Antidepressants: increased risk of postural hypotension with tricyclics; enhanced hypotensive effect with MAOIs. Antihypertensives: enhanced hypotensive effect. Ciclosporin: increased risk of hyperkalaemia and nephrotoxicity. Cytotoxics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with platinum compounds. Lithium excretion reduced NSAIDS: increased risk of hyperkalaemia; increased risk of nephrotoxicity; antagonism of diuretic effect. Potassium salts: increased risk of hyperkalaemia. Tacrolimus: increased risk of hyperkalaemia. |
| Metabolism | Amiloride is excreted unchanged in the urine. In two studies in which single doses of 14C-Amiloride were used, approximately 50% was recovered in urine and 40% in the faeces within 72 hours. |
| storage | Room temperature |
Amiloride hydrochloride Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Raw materials | Ethyl cyanoacetate-->Glyoxal-->Guanidine hydrochloride-->Ammonia-->GUANIDINE-->Hydrochloric acid-->Sulfuryl chloride-->Sodium |
